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Nutrition, Cardiometabolic and Vascular Health Tracker
Last updated on 04/05/2022
Current Highlights
Building on years of expertise in the nutrition, vascular and cardiometabolic domains, NNEdPro has established a group of interdisciplinary researchers with the aim to produce cutting-edge research to support the achievement of the Global Development Goals to reduce by one-third premature mortality from chronic diseases by 2030, in particular, cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
The Nutrition and cardiometabolic and vascular health evidence tracker represents a living collection of published original research and reviews which underpins research related to cardiometabolic and vascular health. The evidence is organised by thematic area based on different known pathways linking diet, cardiometabolic and vascular health.
Recent Resources include
Vimaleswaran KS, Zhou A, Cavadino A and Hyppönen E. Evidence for a causal association between milk intake and cardiometabolic disease outcomes using a two-sample Mendelian Randomization analysis in up to 1,904,220 individuals. International Journal of Obesity, 2021.
Recent BMJ Nutrition Articles include
Huang M, Lo K, Li J, Allison M, Wu WC and Liu S. Pasta meal intake in relation to risks of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women: findings from the Women’s Health Initiative. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, 2021.
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Dietary Patterns
Coming soon
Healthy vs unhealthy dietary patterns
A systematic review and meta-analysis showed that an unhealthy dietary pattern, characterised by an intake of fast food, snacks, sugared drinks, candies, trans-fat and saturated fat sources, fried foods, sugar intake and others, was associated with poor mean values of cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents. Moreover, they found no evidence of a protective effect of healthier dietary patterns. Dietary patterns characterised by the highest intake of unhealthy foods resulted in a higher mean body mass index and waist circumference compared with low intake of unhealthy foods. Controversially, patterns characterised by a low intake of healthy foods were associated with a lower mean body mass index and waist circumference. De Magalhães Cunha, et al. 2018.(https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/dietary-patterns-and-cardiometabolic-risk-factors-among-adolescents-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis/1EAF7E0A4B9F3E63653A92A903016277)
Meta-analysis investigating observational studies; including cross-sectional and case-control studies, found that the ‘Healthy/Prudent’ dietary pattern, characterised by high factor loadings for fruit and vegetables, fish and whole grains, was inversely associated with risk of Metabolic syndrome. In contrast, the ‘Unhealthy/Western’ dietary pattern had a significant positive association with risk of Metabolic syndrome. Shab-Bidar, et al. 2018.(https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/posteriori-dietary-patterns-and-metabolic-syndrome-in-adults-a-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis-of-observational-studies/90E714C6A32B14A0BF48C0CE0691CE5F)
Another, systematic review and meta-analysis found that a ‘Healthy’ diet, characterised by a high loading of vegetables and fruit, poultry, fish, and whole grains, was associated with reduced risk of Metabolic syndrome and significantly decreased the risk in both sexes and in Eastern countries, particularly in Asia. Whereas, a ‘Meat/Western’ dietary pattern, characterised by a high loading of red meat, processed meat, animal fat, eggs and sweets, was associated with an increased risk of Metabolic syndrome, and this association persisted in stratified analysis by geographic area and study design. Fabiani et al., 2019.(https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/9/2056)
Vegetarian or vegan diets
A systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the association of vegan and vegetarian diets with inflammatory biomarkers, found that a vegan diet was associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein compared to omnivores. This association was less pronounced in vegetarians. In patients with impaired kidney function, the association between vegetarian nutrition and CRP was much stronger. No substantial effects were observed for all other inflammatory biomarkers. Menzel, et al., 2020.(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-78426-8)
Dietary inflammatory index (DII)
Another meta-analysis investigating vegan and vegetarian with cardiovascular biomarkers found that compared to controls vegans had a lower body mass index, waist circumference, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Benatar and Stewart, 2018. (https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0209086)
A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional, case–control and cohort stdueis found that higher dietary inflammatory index scores were associated with higher odds of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, insulin, HbA1c and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance values compared with lowest dietary inflammatory index categories. Farhangi et al., 2020.(https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/dietary-inflammatory-index-potentially-increases-blood-pressure-and-markers-of-glucose-homeostasis-among-adults-findings-from-an-updated-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis/2BF838EAA717100585CB912B3E8CD9B9)
Breakfast frequency or breakfast skipping
Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies provides evidence that breakfast skipping is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and the association is partly mediated by BMI. Skipping breakfast 4–5 days a week was associated with 55% increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Ballon et al., 2019.(https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/149/1/106/5167902?login=false)
Another review found that skipping breakfast increases the risk of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. Analysis of cross-sectional and cohort studies found a positive association between skipping breakfast and prevalence of overweight/obesity. Ma, et al. 2020.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1871403X19305472?via%3Dihub)
Additional resources:
• Dinu M, Pagliai G, Casini A, Sofi F. Mediterranean diet and multiple health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28488692/)
• Bhat S, Mocciaro G, Ray S. The association of dietary patterns and carotid intima-media thickness: A synthesis of current evidence. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019;29(12):1273-1287. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31669106/)
• Schwingshackl L, Chaimani A, Schwedhelm C, et al. Comparative effects of different dietary approaches on blood pressure in hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29718689/)
• Ghaedi E, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi H, et al. Effects of a Paleolithic Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31041449/)
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Foods or Food Groups
Coming soon
Coffee consumption
Meta-analysis of cohort studies found the risk of hypertension was reduced by 2% with each cup per day increment of coffee consumption. However, they found no evidence of a nonlinear dose–response association of coffee consumption and hypertension. Xie, et al. 2018.(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-017-0007-0)
Moreover, a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies showed a non-linear relationship between coffee consumption and risk of hypertension (D'Elia et al., 2019)(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00394-017-1591-z). Although, they found that a habitual intake of one or two cups of coffee per day, compared with non-drinking, was not associated with risk of hypertension, a significantly protective effect of coffee consumption was found starting from the consumption of three cups of coffee per day, and was confirmed for greater consumption. D'Elia et al., 2019.(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00394-017-1591-z)
Meta-analysis of prospective studies found that the relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes was 0.71 for the highest category of coffee consumption vs the lowest category. The risk of type 2 diabetes decreased by 6% for each cup-per-day increase in coffee consumption. These results were similar for caffeinated coffee consumption and decaffeinated coffee consumption. Carlström, and Larsson, 2018.(https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/76/6/395/4954186?login=false)
Caffeine
A systematic review of observational studies found a significant influence of recent caffeine intake on cardiac perfusion measurements during adenosine and dipyridamole induced hyperemia in healthy subjects or patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Van Dijk, et al. 2018 .(https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/8/1083)
Alcohol intake
Meta-analysis of cohort studies found an association between average alcohol consumption of 1 to 2 drinks per day and risk of hypertension with men showing an increased risk, whereas women showed no difference in risk compared with abstainers. Additionally, alcohol intake beyond 2 drinks per day was associated with increased incidence of hypertension in both men and women. Roerecke, et al. 2018 (https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.117.008202)
Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and case-control studies found that among Asian men, there was a significantly elevated risk of hypertension observed even in the low alcohol dose group in comparison with the group with no alcohol consumption, and the risk increased in a dose-dependent manner. Among Western men, a similar dose-response relationship was noted in general, but a significantly elevated risk was evident only in the high-dose group. Jung et al. 2020.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7373951/)
Dairy foods
A systematic review and a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and cross-sectional studies found an inverse relationship between specific types of dairy food consumption and incidence or prevalence of the Metabolic syndrome. Total dairy food consumption was associated with lower risk of Metabolic syndrome components, including hyperglycaemia, elevated blood pressure, hypertriacylglycerolaemia and low HDL- cholesterol. Dose–response analysis found a one-serving increment of total dairy food consumption was associated with a 9% lower risk of the Metabolic syndrome. Additionally, a one-serving increment per day of milk and yogurt consumption was related to a 13 and 18% lower risk of the Metabolic syndrome, respectively. A one-serving per day increment of milk was related to a 12 % lower risk of abdominal obesity, and a one-serving per day increment of yogurt was associated with a 16 % lower risk of hyperglycaemia. Lee, et al. 2018 .(https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/dairy-food-consumption-is-associated-with-a-lower-risk-of-the-metabolic-syndrome-and-its-components-a-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis/D18A251A57F4651558BCD93ECEAFEC04)
Red meat, poultry, and egg consumption
Meta-analysis of the prospective cohort studies showed a positive association between red meat consumption and the risk of hypertension. Subgroup analysis showed that both processed and unprocessed red meat were associated with a higher risk of hypertension. Moreover, poultry consumption was also associated with a higher risk of hypertension. Additionally, egg consumption was associated with a lower risk of hypertension. Zhang, and Zhang, 2018.(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-018-0068-8)
Another, meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies found that moderate egg consumption was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes among US studies, but not among European or Asian studies. Drouin-Chartier etal., 2020.(https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/112/3/619/5846055?login=false)
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and food sources of fructose-containing sugars
A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies found that sugar‐sweetened beverages were associated with an increased incidence of hypertension, whereas fruit and yogurt showed protective associations with incident hypertension throughout the dose range. In addition, one hundred percent fruit juice showed a protective association only at moderate doses (U-shaped association). Moreover, no association was found between dairy desserts, fruit drinks or sweet snacks with hypertension. Liu et al., 2019.(https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.118.010977)
This was supported by another meta-analysis, which found high consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages was associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure in children and adolescents. However, there was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure. Additionally, high sugar‐sweetened beverages consumers were more likely to develop hypertension compared with low sugar‐sweetened beverages consumers. Farhangi, et al. 2020.(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-020-02511-9)
Another Meta-analysis found an adverse association of sugar-sweetened beverages with the incident of metabolic syndrome, however this association did not extend to other major food sources of fructose-containing sugars; yogurt, fruit, 100% fruit juice, and mixed fruit juice all had a protective association with incident metabolic syndrome. Semnani-Azad et al., 2020.(https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2768092)
Legume consumption (Legumes and soy products)
Meta-analysis of cross-sectional, cohort and case–control studies found legume consumption was not associated with the odds of Metabolic Syndrome. Jiang et al., 2020.(https://www.nmcd-journal.com/article/S0939-4753(19)30385-0/fulltext)
Additional resources:
• Pagliai G, Dinu M, Madarena MP, Bonaccio M, Iacoviello L, Sofi F. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and health status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. August 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32792031/)
• Xi B, Huang Y, Reilly KH, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of hypertension and CVD: A dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2015.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25735740/)
• Fontecha J, Calvo MV, Juarez M, Gil A, Martínez-Vizcaino V. Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Adv Nutr. 2019(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31089735/)
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Macronutrients
• Ho FK, Gray SR, Welsh P, et al. Associations of fat and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality: prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants. BMJ. 2020.(https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m688)
Fibre intake
Meta-analysis of observational studies found the highest versus lowest fibre intake was associated with a reduced risk of Metabolic syndrome, with moderate heterogeneity across studies. The benefit of fibre intake was significant among cross-sectional studies but not among cohort studies. Dose–response analysis found a curvilinear relationship between fibre consumption and prevalence of Metabolic syndrome. Wei, et al. 2018.(https://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(17)31392-4/fulltext)
A systematic review of cohort studies found improvements in body weight, blood lipids, blood pressure, glycaemia and other outcomes, with higher intakes of dietary fibre and high-fibre foods. However, large differences between studies precluded formal synthesis and meta-analysis of the data. Reynolds, et al. 2020.(https://dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/dom.14176)
Carbohydrate intake
The highest versus the lowest carbohydrate intake values were associated with increased risk of Metabolic syndrome. Dose-response analysis found a linear association between carbohydrate consumption and Metabolic syndrome risk. Liu et al., 2019.(https://www.nmcd-journal.com/article/S0939-4753(19)30341-2/fulltext)
Dietary Fat intake
A systematic review found that the data suggested that replacing carbohydrates with any fat, but particularly polyunsaturated fat, will lower triglycerides, increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lower blood pressure, but have no effects on fasting glucose in normal volunteers or insulin sensitivity. Additionally, monounsaturated fat was preferable to polyunsaturated fat for fasting insulin and glucose-lowering. The addition of 3–4 g of omega-3 will lower triglycerides and blood pressure and reduce the proportion of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, cohort studies suggested that dairy fat was related to a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome. Clifton, 2019.(https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/7/1438/htm)
A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies found no association between total fat intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Dose–response curves provided insights for significant associations between specific fats and fatty acids with type 2 diabetes. In particular, a high intake of vegetable fat was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes incidence. Neuenschwander et al., 2020.(https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003347)
Meta-analysis of case-control, cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies found that higher omega-3 polyunsaturated fat levels in diets or blood were associated with a reduction in the risk of Metabolic syndrome. An inverse association was found among studies with Asian populations, but not among those with American/European populations. No association was found between circulating/dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fats and Metabolic syndrome. Jang & Park, 2020.(https://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(19)30146-3/fulltext)
Additional resources:
• Noto H, Goto A, Tsujimoto T, Noda M. Low-Carbohydrate Diets and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLoS One. 2013.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23372809/)
• Reynolds A, Mann J, Cummings J, Winter N, Mete E, Te Morenga L. Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Lancet. 2019.(https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(18)31809-9/fulltext)
• Threapleton DE, Greenwood DC, Evans CEL, et al. Dietary fibre intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013.(https://www.bmj.com/content/347/bmj.f6879)
• Noto H, Goto A, Tsujimoto T, Noda M. Low-Carbohydrate Diets and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLoS One. 2013.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23372809/)
• Seidelmann SB, Claggett B, Cheng S, et al. Dietary carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Heal. 2018.(https://www.thelancet.com/article/S2468-2667(18)30135-X/fulltext)
• Chen Z, Glisic M, Song M, et al. Dietary protein intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: results from the Rotterdam Study and a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32076944/)
• Berger S, Raman G, Vishwanathan R, Jacques PF, Johnson EJ. Dietary cholesterol and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015.(https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/102/2/276/4564504)
• Zhong VW, Van Horn L, Cornelis MC, et al. Associations of Dietary Cholesterol or Egg Consumption with Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2019.(https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2728487)
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Micronutrients
• Wang T, Xu L. Circulating vitamin E levels and risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction: A mendelian randomization study. Nutrients. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31505768/)
Serum Vitamin D
A meta-analysis and systematic review found that serum vitamin D level was negatively associated with carotid atherosclerosis, with substantial heterogeneity among the individual studies. Furthermore, subgroup analysis suggested that hypovitaminosis D was associated with an 0.85-fold decrease in the odds of having a higher carotid intima-media thickness. Additionally, the pooled analysis also indicated that the serum vitamin D level was a protective factor against increased carotid plaque. Chen, et al. 2018 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jum.14494)
In both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, meta-analyses found a significant inverse relationship of vitamin D status with glycemic level (Rafiq and Jeppesen, 2018)(https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/1/59) and an overall inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and body mass index. Rafiq and Jeppesen, 2018.(https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/1/59)
Calcium intake
Higher dietary calcium intake, independent of adiposity and intake of other blood pressure-related minerals, is slightly associated with a lower risk of developing hypertension. Jayedi, and Zargar, 2019.(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-018-0275-y)
Vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folate and homocysteine
A systematic review did not establish an inverse association (or J-curve) between serum or plasma B12 concentrations and body mass index. However, based on the results of the meta-regression, in an exploratory sub-network meta-analysis, showed lower levels of B12 in people with higher body mass indices. Wiebe, et al. 2018 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.12724)
Meta-analysis of Prospective cohort studies found a higher intake of folate and vitamin B6, but not vitamin B12, was associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease in the general population. Jayedi & Zargar, 2019.(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408398.2018.1511967?journalCode=bfsn20)
Sodium
Meta-analysis of observational studies showed that subjects with the metabolic syndrome had significantly higher levels of sodium compared to healthy controls. They found that body sodium level increases with the number of metabolic syndrome components. Also, participants with highest dietary/urinary or serum sodium levels had 37% higher chance of developing metabolic syndrome when compared with participants with the lowest sodium levels. Soltani et al., 2019.(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408398.2017.1363710?journalCode=bfsn20)
Serum vitamin C
Meta-analysis of observational articles including cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies found that individuals with hypertension had lower levels of serum vitamin C when compared with normotensive individuals. Additionally, serum vitamin C was inversely associated with both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Ran, et al. 2020.(https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cdtp/2020/4940673/)
Additional resources:
• Barbarawi M, Kheiri B, Zayed Y, et al. Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 83000 Individuals in 21 Randomized Clinical Trials: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiol. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31215980/)
• Jenkins DJA, Spence JD, Giovannucci EL, et al. Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for CVD Prevention and Treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29852980/)
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Body Weight and Adiposity
• Li K, Yao C, Yang X, et al. Body Mass Index and the Risk of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study Among Adults in Beijing, China. J Epidemiol. 2016.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27431649/)
• Chen Q, Li L, Yi J, et al. Waist circumference increases risk of coronary heart disease: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study. Mol Genet genomic Med. 2020.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7196469/)
• Singh P, Subramanian A, Adderley N, et al. Impact of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality: a population-based cohort study. Br J Surg. 2020(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31965568/)
• Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Stauffer BL. Obesity and cardiovascular outcomes: another look at a meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies. J Investig Med. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31331941/)
• Huang Y, Xu M, Xie L, et al. Obesity and peripheral arterial disease: A Mendelian Randomization analysis. Atherosclerosis. 2016.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26945778/)
• Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ôunpuu S, et al. Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27 000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study. Lancet. 2005.(https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673605676635/fulltext)
• Lv WQ, Zhang X, Fan K, Xia X, Zhang Q, Liu HM., et al. Genetically driven adiposity traits increase the risk of coronary artery disease independent of blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, glycaemic traits. Eur J Hum Genet. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29891878/)
• Price AJ, Wright FL, Green J, et al. Differences in risk factors for 3 types of stroke: UK prospective study and meta-analyses. Neurology. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29321237/)
• Chen H, Deng Y, Li S. Relation of Body Mass Index Categories with Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death. Int Heart J. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31105141/)
• Aune D, Schlesinger S, Norat T, Riboli E. Body mass index, abdominal fatness, and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29417316/)
• Scarale MG, Fontana A, Trischitta V, Copetti M, Menzaghi C. Circulating Adiponectin Levels Are Paradoxically Associated With Mortality Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30388239/)
• Hsueh Y-W, Yeh T-L, Lin C-Y, et al. Association of metabolically healthy obesity and elevated risk of coronary artery calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ. 2020.(https://journals.lww.com/coronary-artery/Abstract/2020/11000/Cholesterol_efflux_capacity_in_coronary_artery.12.aspx)
• Huang M-Y, Wang M-Y, Lin Y-S, et al. The Association between Metabolically Healthy Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and All-Cause Mortality Risk in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32092849/)
• Yeh T-L, Chen H-H, Tsai S-Y, Lin C-Y, Liu S-J, Chien K-L. The Relationship between Metabolically Healthy Obesity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31443279/)
• Barzin M, Valizadeh M, Serahati S, Mahdavi M, Azizi F, Hosseinpanah F. Overweight and Obesity: Findings from 20 Years of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2018.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6289297/)
• Chen Y, Yang X, Wang J, Li Y, Ying D, Yuan H. Weight loss increases all-cause mortality in overweight or obese patients with diabetes. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30170423/#:~:text=We%20found%20that%20compared%20with,intentional%20weight%20loss%20was%20not)
• Karahalios A, English DR, Simpson JA. Change in body size and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2016.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27864401/)
• Simonsen MK, Hundrup YA, Obel EB, Grønbaek M, Heitmann BL. Intentional weight loss and mortality among initially healthy men and women. Nutr Rev. 2008.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18667013/)
• De Stefani F do C, Pietraroia PS, Fernandes-Silva MM, Faria-Neto J, Baena CP. Observational Evidence for Unintentional Weight Loss in All-Cause Mortality and Major Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep. 2018.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6194006/)
• Kane JA, Mehmood T, Munir I, et al. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Associated with Pharmacological Weight Loss: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Clin Res trials. 2019;4(1).(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31058246/)
• Scarale MG, Fontana A, Trischitta V, Copetti M, Menzaghi C. Circulating Adiponectin Levels Are Paradoxically Associated With Mortality Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30388239/)
• Chen H, Deng Y, Li S. Relation of Body Mass Index Categories with Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death. Int Heart J. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31105141/)
• Di Angelantonio E, Bhupathiraju SN, Wormser D, et al. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet. 2016.(https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)30175-1/fulltext)
• Aune D, Sen A, Prasad M, et al. BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of 230 cohort studies with 3.74 million deaths among 30.3 million participants. BMJ. 2016.(https://www.bmj.com/content/353/bmj.i2156)
• Mongraw-Chaffin ML, Peters SAE, Huxley RR, Woodward M. The sex-specific association between BMI and coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 95 cohorts with 1·2 million participants. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25960160/)
• Cao Q, Yu S, Xiong W, et al. Waist-hip ratio as a predictor of myocardial infarction risk. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30045310/)
• Riaz H, Khan MS, Siddiqi TJ, et al. Association Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Outcomes. JAMA Netw Open. 2018.(https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2714500)
• Berger S, Meyre P, Blum S, et al. Bariatric surgery among patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Hear. 2018.(https://openheart.bmj.com/content/5/2/e000910)
• Ma C, Avenell A, Bolland M, et al. Effects of weight loss interventions for adults who are obese on mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2017.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29138133/)
• Liu X, Zhang D, Liu Y, et al. A J-shaped relation of BMI and stroke: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 4.43 million participants. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018.(https://www.nmcd-journal.com/article/S0939-4753(18)30229-1/pdf)
• Hong X-Y, Lin J, Gu W-W. Risk factors and therapies in vascular diseases: An umbrella review of updated systematic reviews and meta-analyses. J Cell Physiol. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30317627/)
• Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S.. Nonlinear dose-response association between body mass index and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypertension: A meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29396230/)
• Yu F, Li J, Huang Q, Cai H. Increased Peripheral Blood Visfatin Concentrations May Be a Risk Marker of Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Angiology. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29706084/)
• Jayedi A, Rashidy-Pour A, Soltani S, Zargar MS, Emadi A, Shab-Bidar S. Adult weight gain and the risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020.(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-020-0610-y)
• Zomer E, Gurusamy K, Leach R, et al. Interventions that cause weight loss and the impact on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2016.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27324830/)
• Fan J, Song Y, Chen Y, Hui R, Zhang W. Combined effect of obesity and cardio-metabolic abnormality on the risk of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Cardiol. 2013.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23972953/)
• Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. Nonlinear dose-response association between body mass index and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypertension: A meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29396230/)
• Liu X, Zhang D, Liu Y, Sun X, Hou Y, Wang B, Ren Y, Zhao Y, et al. A J-shaped relation of BMI and stroke: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 4.43 million participants. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30287124/)
• Yu F, Li J, Huang Q, Cai H.. Increased Peripheral Blood Visfatin Concentrations May Be a Risk Marker of Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Angiology. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29706084/)
• Kanji, S., Wong, E., Akioyamen, L. et al. Exploring pre-surgery and post-surgery substance use disorder and alcohol use disorder in bariatric surgery: a qualitative scoping review. Int J Obes. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31213657/)
• Kramer CK, Zinman B, Retnakaran R. Are Metabolically Healthy Overweight and Obesity Benign Conditions? Ann Intern Med. 2013.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24297192/)
• The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. Lancet. 2011.(https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60105-0/fulltext)
Anchor 5
Glucose and Insulin
Coming soon
• Liao H-W, Saver J, Yeh H-C, et al. Low fasting glucose and future risks of major adverse outcomes in people without baseline diabetes or cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019.(https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/7/e026010)
• Zhao Y, Guo M, Shi G. Prediabetes predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep. 2020;40(1).(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6946623/)
• Xun P, Wu Y, He Q, He K. Fasting insulin concentrations and incidence of hypertension, stroke, and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3831539/)
• Ruige JB, Assendelft WJJ, Dekker JM, Kostense PJ, Heine RJ, Bouter LM. Insulin and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation. 1998.(https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.CIR.97.10.996)
• Andrade RLM, Callo G, Horta BL. C-peptide and cardiovascular mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2019.(https://www.paho.org/journal/en/articles/c-peptide-and-cardiovascular-mortality-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis)
• Lau L, Lew J, Borschmann K, Thijs V, Ekinci EI. Prevalence of diabetes and its effects on stroke outcomes: A meta‐analysis and literature review. J Diabetes Investig. 2019.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6497593/)
• Mitsios JP, Ekinci EI, Mitsios GP, Churilov L, Thijs V. Relationship Between Glycated Hemoglobin and Stroke Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29773578/)
• Prospective Studies Collaboration and Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration, et al. Sex-specific relevance of diabetes to occlusive vascular and other mortality: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual data from 980 793 adults from 68 prospective studies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018.(https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(18)30079-2/fulltext)
• Peters SAE, Huxley RR, Woodward M. Diabetes as risk factor for incident coronary heart disease in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 cohorts including 858,507 individuals and 28,203 coronary events. Diabetologia. 2014.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24859435/)
• Wang Y, Nie Y, Yu C. Sex differences in the association between diabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5,016,608 participants. Eur Heart J. 2019.(https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-019-1355-0)
• Wang H, Ba Y, Cai R-C, Xing Q. Association between diabetes mellitus and the risk for major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in women compared with men: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ Open. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31320342/)
• Kramer CK, Campbell S, Retnakaran R. Gestational diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30843102/)
• Zhang X, Shao F, Zhu L, Ze Y, Zhu D, Bi Y. Cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled cardiovascular outcome trials with trial sequential analysis BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30223891/)
• Dong XL, Guan F, Xu SJ, Zhu LX, Zhang PP, Cheng AB, Liu TJ, et al. Influence of blood glucose level on the prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with ischemic stroke. J Res Med Sci. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29456567/)
• Pan, W., Lu, H., Lian, B. et al. Prognostic value of HbA1c for in-hospital and short-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019.(https://cardiab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12933-019-0970-6)
• Leon BM. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(13):1246.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26468341/)
• Dong J, Ping Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y. The roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms in diabetes mellitus and its associated vascular complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30140993/)
• Pu Z, Lai L, Yang X, et al. Acute glycemic variability on admission predicts the prognosis in hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2020;67(3):526-534.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31828526/)
• Pan Y, Chen W, Wang Y. Prediabetes and Outcome of Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019;28(3):683-692.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30497898/)
• Laichutai N, Defronzo RA. 1456-P: Cardiovascular Outcomes in Subjects with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and Newly Discovered Abnormal Glucose Tolerance (AGT): A Meta-analysis. Diabetes. 2019.(https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/68/Supplement_1/1456-P)
• Gu T, Yang Q, Ying G, Jin B. Lack of association between insulin resistance as estimated by homeostasis model assessment and stroke risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Hypotheses. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32278202/)
• Wang P, Xu Y-Y, Lv T-T, et al. Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Angiology. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30009613/)
• Aune D, Schlesinger S, Norat T, Riboli E. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of sudden cardiac death: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29730085/)
• Li J, Song C, Li C, Liu P, Sun Z, Yang X. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women with prior gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29655653/)
• Pulipati VP, Ravi V, Pulipati P. Cardiovascular outcomes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32089007/)
• Malik AH, Yandrapalli S, Goldberg M, Jain D, Frishman WH, Aronow WS. Cardiovascular Outcomes With the Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Cardiol Rev. 2020(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31868769/#:~:text=In%20patients%20with%20type%202%20DM%20and%20CKD%2C%20SGLT%2D2,in%20stroke%20and%20cardiovascular%20mortality.)
• Fei Y, Tsoi M-F, Kumana CR, Cheung TT, Cheung BMY. Network meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes in randomized controlled trials of new antidiabetic drugs. Int J Cardiol. 2018(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29277321/)
• Bellastella G, Maiorino MI, Longo M, Scappaticcio L, Chiodini P, Esposito K, Giugliano D. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Prevention of Stroke Systematic Review of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials With Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31813360/)
• Kristensen SL, Rørth R, Jhund PS, et al. Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31422062/)
• Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang F, Li J, Tong N. Legacy Effect of Intensive Blood Glucose Control on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Very High Risk or Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Ther. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29656857/)
• Barer Y, Cohen O, Cukierman-Yaffe T. Effect of glycaemic control on cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes with pre-existing cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes, Obes Metab. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30426626/)
Anchor 8
Lipid Factors
• Varbo A, Benn M, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Jørgensen AB, Frikke-Schmidt R, Nordestgaard BG. Remnant Cholesterol as a Causal Risk Factor for Ischemic Heart Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24287311/)
• Cui Q, Naikoo NA. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis. Afr Health Sci. 2019.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6794552/)
• Ye X, Kong W, Zafar MI, Chen L-L. Serum triglycerides as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019.(https://cardiab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12933-019-0851-z)
• Ciffone NA, Copple T. Managing dyslipidemia for CVD prevention. Nurse Pract. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30531203/)
• Akioyamen LE, Genest J, Shan SD, et al. Estimating the prevalence of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017.(https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/9/e016461)
• Usui T, Nagata M, Hata J, et al. Serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of stroke in the general population: A meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2018.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5517544/)
• Singh K, Ayers C, Rohatgi A. Differential associations between novel HDL markers and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by gender and vascular territory: A meta-analysis of large population-based cohorts. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019.(https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/atvb.39.suppl_1.688)
• Wu Y, Fan Z, Tian Y, Liu S, Liu S. Relation between high density lipoprotein particles concentration and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis. 2018.(https://lipidworld.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12944-018-0732-6)
• Villanueva DLE, Tiongson MD, Ramos JD, Llanes EJ. Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio (MHR) as a predictor of mortality and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) among ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32216795/)
• Ye H, Xu G, Ren L, Peng J. Cholesterol efflux capacity in coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis. 2020.(https://journals.lww.com/coronary-artery/Abstract/2020/11000/Cholesterol_efflux_capacity_in_coronary_artery.12.aspx)
• Schol-Gelok S, Morelli F, Arends LR, et al. A revised systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of statins on D-dimer levels. Eur J Clin Invest. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31112290/)
• Banach M, Shekoohi N, Mikhailidis D, Lip G, Hernandez A V., Mazidi M. Relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipid lowering agents and the risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020(https://www.jacc.org/doi/abs/10.1016/s0735-1097%2820%2932707-8)
• Masson W, Lobo M, Siniawski D, et al. Role of non-statin lipid-lowering therapy in coronary atherosclerosis regression: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Lipids Health Dis. 2020.(https://lipidworld.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12944-020-01297-5)
• Navarese EP, Robinson JG, Kowalewski M, et al. Association between baseline LDL-C level and total and cardiovascular mortality after LDL-C lowering a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29677301/)
• Cheng Y, Qiao L, Jiang Z, et al. Significant reduction in the LDL cholesterol increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 33 randomized controlled trials. Am J Transl Res. 2020;12(2):463-477.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32194896/)
• Ma C, Na M, Neumann S, Gao X. Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2019.(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11883-019-0815-5)
• Deng Q, Li S, Zhang H, et al. Association of serum lipids with clinical outcome in acute ischaemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30243601/)
• Akioyamen LE, Tu JV, Genest J, Ko DT, Coutin AJS, Shan SD, Chu A, et al. Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Meta-Analysis. Angiology. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30871330/)
• Anagnostis P, Vaitsi K, Mintziori G, Goulis DG, Mikhailidis DP. Non-coronary atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Curr Med Res Opin. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32096673/)
• Kouvari M, Panagiotakos DB. The role of lipoprotein (a) in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2019.(https://journals.lww.com/co-cardiology/Abstract/2019/07000/The_role_of_lipoprotein__a__in_primary_and.18.aspx)
• Cao Y, Yan L, Guo N, Yu N, Wang Y, Cao, et al., Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population and patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448450/)
• Jensen MK, Aroner SA, Mukamal KJ, et al. High-Density Lipoprotein Subspecies Defined by Presence of Apolipoprotein C-III and Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Four Cohorts. Circulation. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29162611/)
• Dicembrini I, Giannini S, Ragghianti B, Mannucci E, Monami M. Effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on LDL cholesterol, cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Endocrinol Invest. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30762200/)
• Shin J, Chung J-W, Jang H-S, et al. Achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and stroke risk: A meta-analysis of 23 randomised trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30782002/)
• Michael M, Parisis III MSN, Best M. Nontraditional Lipoprotein Biomarkers: Predictive Power and Risk Stratification*. J Clin Lipidol. 2019.(https://www.lipidjournal.com/article/S1933-2874(19)30090-X/fulltext)
Anchor 6
Anchor 7
Blood Pressure
• Ayala Solares JR, Canoy D, Raimondi FED, et al. Long-Term Exposure to Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure in Predicting Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence From Large-Scale Routine Electronic Health Records. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164039/)
• Kitagawa K, Yamamoto Y, Arima H, et al. Effect of Standard vs Intensive Blood Pressure Control on the Risk of Recurrent Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31355878/)
• Pan H, Hibino M, Kobeissi E, Aune D. Blood pressure, hypertension and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31875269/)
• Tully PJ, Yano Y, Launer LJ, et al. Association Between Blood Pressure Variability and Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31870233)
• Ma Y, Song A, Viswanathan A, et al. Blood Pressure Variability and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Cohorts. Stroke. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31771460/)
• Perçuku L, Bajraktari G, Jashari H, Bytyçi I, Ibrahimi P, Henein MY. Exaggerated systolic hypertensive response to exercise predicts cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Polish Arch Intern Med. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31577264/)
• Pierdomenico SD, Pierdomenico AM, Coccina F, et al. Prognostic Value of Masked Uncontrolled Hypertension. Hypertens. 2018.(https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11499)
• Cohen JB, Lotito MJ, Trivedi UK, Denker MG, Cohen DL, Townsend RR. Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in White Coat Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31181575/)
• Kirollos S, Skilton M, Patel S, Arnott C. A Systematic Review of Vascular Structure and Function in Pre-eclampsia: Non-invasive Assessment and Mechanistic Links. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31803759/)
• Fei Y, Tsoi M-F, Cheung BMY. Determining the Optimal Systolic Blood Pressure for Hypertensive Patients: A Network Meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 2018;34(12):1581-1589.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30414702/)
• Saiz LC, Gorricho J, Garjón J, Celaya MC, Erviti J, Leache L. Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2018;7:CD010315(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29020435/)
• Brunström M, Carlberg B. Association of Blood Pressure Lowering With Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Across Blood Pressure Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2018(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29131895/)
• Li W-F, Huang Y-Q, Feng Y-Q. Association between central haemodynamics and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens. 2019.(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-019-0187-x)
• Appiah KOB, Patel M, Panerai RB, Robinson TG, Haunton VJ. Blood Press Monit. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31612391/)
• Wang H, Li M, Xie S-H, et al. Visit-to-visit Systolic Blood Pressure Variability and Stroke Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Med Sci. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31612391/)
• Chiriacò M, Pateras K, Virdis A, et al. Association between blood pressure variability, cardiovascular disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019.(https://dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dom.13828)
• Min M, Shi T, Sun C, et al. The association between orthostatic hypotension and cognition and stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Blood Press. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31718311/)
• Zhang D-Y, Guo Q-H, An D-W, Li Y, Wang J-G. A comparative meta-analysis of prospective observational studies on masked hypertension and masked uncontrolled hypertension defined by ambulatory and home blood pressure. J Hypertens. 2019. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31219948/)
• Fujiwara T, Matsumoto C, Asayama K, Ohkubo T, Hoshide S. Are the cardiovascular outcomes of participants with white-coat hypertension poor compared to those of participants with normotension? A systemic review and meta-analysis. Hypertens Res. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30971805/)
• Salam A, Atkins E, Sundström J, et al. Effects of blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular events, in the context of regression to the mean: a systematic review of randomized trials. J Hypertens. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30499920/)
• Sakima A, Satonaka H, Nishida N, Yatsu K, Arima H. Optimal blood pressure targets for patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertens Res. 2019.(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-018-0123-4)
• Takami Y, Yamamoto K, Arima H, Sakima A. Target blood pressure level for the treatment of elderly hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Hypertens Res. 2019.(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-019-0227-5)
• Roush GC, Zubair A, Singh K, Kostis WJ, Sica DA, Kostis JB. Does the benefit from treating to lower blood pressure targets vary with age? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2019.(https://journals.lww.com/jhypertension/Abstract/2019/08000/Does_the_benefit_from_treating_to_lower_blood.4.aspx)
• Okamoto, R., Kumagai, E., Kai, H. et al. Effects of lowering diastolic blood pressure to <80 mmHg on cardiovascular mortality and events in patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertens Res. 2019.(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-018-0189-z)
• Grenet G, Le H H, Bejan-Angoulvant T, Erpeldinger S, Boussageon R, Kassaï B, et al. Association between difference in blood pressure reduction and risk of cardiovascular events in a type 2 diabetes population: A meta-regression analysis. Diabetes Metab. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31150802/)
• Duarte GS, Alves M, Silva MA, Camara R, Caldeira D, Ferreira J J. Cardiovascular events reported in randomized controlled trials in restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31706187/)
Inflammation
Coming soon
• Buleu F, Sirbu E, Caraba A, Dragan S. Heart Involvement in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31174287/)
• Tan J, Taskin O, Iews M, et al. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in women with endometriosis: a systematic review of risk factors and prospects for early surveillance. Reprod Biomed Online. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31735549/)
• Yang S, Zhao LS, Cai C, Shi Q, Wen N, Xu J. Association between periodontitis and peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29980169/)
• Khademi F, Vaez H, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Majnooni A, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Bacterial infections are associated with cardiovascular disease in Iran: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31360186/)
• Dehghan A, Dupuis J, Barbalic M, et al. Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies in >80 000 Subjects Identifies Multiple Loci for C-Reactive Protein Levels. Circulation. 2011.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21300955/)
• Song S-Y, Hua C, Dornbors D, et al. Baseline Red Blood Cell Distribution Width as a Predictor of Stroke Occurrence and Outcome: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of 31 Studies. Front Neurol. 2019.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6901990/)
• IL6R Genetics Consortium Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, N S, AS B. Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies. Lancet. 2012.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22421339/)
• Singh TP, Morris DR, Smith S, Moxon JV, Golledge J. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between C-Reactive Protein and Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2017.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28666785/)
• Zhang S, Diao J, Qi C, et al. Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29716535/)
• Yong WC, Sanguankeo A, Upala S. Association between sarcoidosis, pulse wave velocity, and other measures of subclinical atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29177575/)
• Erre GL, Buscetta G, Paliogiannis P, et al. Coronary flow reserve in systemic rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29732488/)
• Mathieu S, Couderc M, Tournadre A, Soubrier M. Cardiovascular profile in osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of cardiovascular events and risk factors. Jt bone spine. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31323333/)
• Hsieh WC, Henry BM, Hsieh CC, Maruna P, Omara M, Lindner J. Prognostic Role of Admission C-Reactive Protein Level as a Predictor of In-Hospital Mortality in Type-A Acute Aortic Dissection: A Meta-Analysis. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31248351/)
• Tian R, Tian M, Wang L, et al. C-reactive protein for predicting cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic patients: A meta-analysis. Cytokine. 2019;117:59-64.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1043466619300511)
• Mahlangu T, Dludla P V., Nyambuya TM, et al. A systematic review on the functional role of Th1/Th2 cytokines in type 2 diabetes and related metabolic complications. Cytokine. 2020.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1043466619303217)
• Knowles L, Nadeem N, Chowienczyk PJ. Do anti-tumour necrosis factor-α biologics affect subclinical measures of atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis? A systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020.(https://europepmc.org/article/med/31957052)
• Cheng D, Fei Y, Saulnier P-J, Wang N. Circulating TNF receptors and risk of renal disease progression, cardiovascular disease events and mortality in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31813103/)
• Kolodziej AR, Abo-Aly M, Elsawalhy E, Campbell C, Ziada KM, Abdel-Latif A. Prognostic Role of Elevated Myeloperoxidase in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mediators Inflamm. 2019.(https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2019/2872607/)
• Zhou J, Lu Y, Wang S, Chen K. Association between serum amyloid A levels and coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 studies. Inflamm Res. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32088731/)
• Zhang B, Li X-L, Zhao C-R, Pan C-L, Zhang Z. Interleukin-6 as a Predictor of the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Epidemiological Studies. Immunol Invest. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29873573/)
• Ursini F, Ruscitti P, Caio GPI, Manfredini R, Giacomelli R, De Giorgio R. The effect of non-TNF-targeted biologics on vascular dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic literature review. Autoimmun Rev. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844558/)
• Su R. Biological function of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene in coronary heart disease and its mediated primary regulatory network: a literature based secondary analysis. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31109416/)
• Welsh P, Grassia G, Botha S, Sattar N, Maffia P. Targeting inflammation to reduce cardiovascular disease risk: a realistic clinical prospect? Br J Pharmacol. 2017.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28409825/)
• Jones DP, Patel J. Therapeutic approaches targeting inflammation in cardiovascular disorders. Biology (Basel). 2018.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6315639/)
• Georgakis MK, Malik R, Björkbacka H, et al. Circulating Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Risk of Stroke: Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies Involving 17 180 Individuals. Circ Res. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31476962/)
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Oxidative Stress
Coming soon
• Van den Berg VJ, Vroegindewey MM, Kardys I, et al. Anti-Oxidized LDL Antibodies and Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31618991/)
• Hernández-Ruiz Á, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández E, Amiano P, Ruiz-Canela M, Molina-Montes E. A Review of A Priori Defined Oxidative Balance Scores Relative to Their Components and Impact on Health Outcomes. Nutrients. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30987200/)
• Borghi C, Omboni S, Reggiardo G, et al. Effects of the concomitant administration of xanthine oxidase inhibitors with zofenopril or other ACE-inhibitors in post-myocardial infarction patients: a meta-analysis of individual data of four randomized, double-blind, prospective studies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29866077/)
• Gao S, Liu J. Association between circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Chronic Dis Transl Med. 2017.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29063061/)
• Zhang W, Bai J, Tian J, Jia L, Zhou X. The Role of NADPH Oxidases in Cardiovascular Disease. J Vasc Med Surg. 2016.(https://www.longdom.org/open-access/the-role-of-nadph-oxidases-in-cardiovascular-disease-2329-6925-1000265.pdf)
Anchor 10
Coagulation
Coming soon
• Fan Q, Zhu Y, Zhao F. Association of rs2230806 in ABCA1 with coronary artery disease: An updated meta-analysis based on 43 research studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31977856/)
• Sabater-Lleal M, Huang J, Chasman D, et al. Multiethnic Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies in >100 000 Subjects Identifies 23 Fibrinogen-Associated Loci but No Strong Evidence of a Causal Association Between Circulating Fibrinogen and Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation. 2013.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23969696/)
• Willeit P, Thompson A, Aspelund T, et al. Hemostatic Factors and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in General Populations: New Prospective Study and Updated Meta-Analyses. Stoll M, ed. PLoS One. 2013.(https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0055175)
• Meinel TR, Frey S, Arnold M, et al. Clinical presentation, diagnostic findings and management of cerebral ischemic events in patients on treatment with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants - A systematic review. PLoS One. 2019.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6440627/)
• Liu M, Lu W, Chen L, et al. An up-dated meta-analysis of major adverse cardiac events on triple versus dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data Br. 2018.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6122306/)
• Caldeira D, David C, Costa J, Ferreira JJ, Pinto FJ. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Hear journal Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28950374/)
• Escobar C, Martí-Almor J, Pérez Cabeza A, Martínez-Zapata MJ. Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin K Antagonists in Real-life Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29606361/)
• Mai V, Guay C-A, Perreault L, et al. Extended Anticoagulation for VTE: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chest. 2019.(https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(18)30252-6/pdf)
• Gupta S, Um KJ, Pandey A, et al. Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin K Antagonists in Patients Undergoing Cardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cardiovasc drugs Ther. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31011880/)
• Ye Z, Liu EH, Higgins JP, et al. Seven haemostatic gene polymorphisms in coronary disease: meta-analysis of 66 155 cases and 91 307 controls. Lancet. 2006.(https://www.ndph.ox.ac.uk/publications/49286)
• Sabater-Lleal M, Huffman JE, de Vries PS, et al. Genome-Wide Association Transethnic Meta-Analyses Identifies Novel Associations Regulating Coagulation Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor Plasma Levels. Circulation. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30586737/)
• Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen, and Cardiovascular Disease Prediction. N Engl J Med. 2012.(https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1107477)
• Bruins Slot KM, Berge E. Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29509959/)
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Endothelial Function
• Li Y, Wang S, Zhang D, Xu X, Yu B, Zhang Y., Zhang Y. AO - Zhang YO http://orcid. org/000.-0003-3853-3550. The association of functional polymorphisms in genes expressed in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells with the myocardial infarction. Hum Genomics. 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30678728/)
• Griessenauer CJ, Farrell S, Sarkar A, et al. Genetic susceptibility to cerebrovascular disease: A systematic review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30182779/)
• Xu B, Zhan R, Mai H, et al. The association between vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms and stroke: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30882632/)
• Nepal G, Ojha R, Dulal HP, Yadav BK. Association between Lys198Asn polymorphism of endothelin-1 gene and ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis. Brain Behav. 2019.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6790320/)
• Ma W-Q, Wang Y, Han X-Q, Zhu Y, Liu N-F. Association of genetic polymorphisms in vascular endothelial growth factor with susceptibility to coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. BMC Med Genet. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29973139/)
• Ali H. SCUBE2, vascular endothelium, and vascular complications: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32278240/)
• Loader J, Khouri C, Taylor F, et al. The continuums of impairment in vascular reactivity across the spectrum of cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2019.(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/obr.12831)
• Georgakis MK, Chatzopoulou D, Tsivgoulis G, Petridou ET. Albuminuria and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29372928/)
• Wang L, Ge H, Peng L, Wang B. A meta-analysis of the relationship between VEGFR2 polymorphisms and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Clin Cardiol. 2019.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6788482/)
• Totzeck M, Mincu R-I, Mrotzek S, Schadendorf D, Rassaf T. Cardiovascular diseases in patients receiving small molecules with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor activity: A meta-analysis of approximately 29,000 cancer patients. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018;25(5):482-494.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29376753/)
Anchor 12
Nutrition, Vascular and Cardiometabolic Team
Prof Sumantra Ray
Dr Rajna Golubic
Dr Marjorie Lima do Vale
Dr Claudia Trammont
Dr Claudia-Gabriela Mitrofan
Dr Federica Amati
Dr Harry Jarrett
Dr Luigi Palla
Kai Sento Kargbo, BSc
Mayara de Paula, MSc
Dr Saad Mouti
Dr Xiaowu Dai
Prof Lisa Goldberg
Dr Jeffrey Bohn
Dr Christoph Nabholz
Nate Jansen
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