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Author: Sarah Anderson Edited by: Matheus Abrantes & Sumantra Ray As we approach the end of 2025, we are pleased to share a consolidated update capturing key developments over the last few months across the NNEdPro Global Institute and our nine partner initiatives. This period reflected sustained progress in our strategic programmes, deepening global engagement, and continued preparation for the 11th International Summit on Food, Nutrition and Health taking place next month in Dundee and St Andrews, Scotland.   Throughout the second half of the year, we have focused on advancing the commitments made at our 10th International Summit by further strengthening cross-sector collaboration, expanding opportunities for applied learning, and driving forward our mission to accelerate evidence-informed nutrition action worldwide.   We extend our thanks to our members, collaborators, and supporters whose contributions underpin every step of this work. Your continued involvement enables us to maintain momentum as we close our 17th year and look ahead to the opportunities of 2026.   Read on for highlights from July to November, along with current activities and ways to engage as we begin the final chapter of this year. Spotlight on the 11th International Summit and Satellite Events The countdown is on! The 11th International Summit on Food, Nutrition and Health  returns this December, bringing together thought leaders, innovators, and practitioners to advance nutrition knowledge and equity on a global scale.   We have already completed five successful Satellite Events, with two more to come.   We are pleased to confirm that the Main Summit will take place across a series of outstanding venues in Dundee and St Andrews, each selected to reflect the Summit’s themes and the diversity of our programme:   10 December: James Hutton Institute 11 and 12 December: Dundee Science Centre 13 December: St Leonards School   We are particularly delighted to add Dundee Science Centre to the programme. As a hub for science engagement and innovation, it offers an ideal setting for discussions on human health, planetary health, and the future of nutrition research. The venue’s interactive environment will provide an inspiring backdrop for keynotes, panels, and networking.   Registrations remain open for the Main Summit (with limited in-person spaces available), the remaining Satellite Events, the Gala Dinner, and the hands-on Cooking Masterclass.   Do not miss the opportunity to be part of this global journey! Professor Walter Willett to Deliver Keynote at the 11th International Summit on Food, Nutrition & Health We are honoured to announce that Professor Walter Willett, EAT-Lancet Commission Co-Chair and Professor of Epidemiology and Nutrition at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , will be delivering a (hybrid) keynote at the 11th International Summit this December.   Reflecting on decades of work in nutritional epidemiology, Professor Willett’s talk will explore the extent to which evidence has informed meaningful changes in nutrition education and public behaviour. His session will conclude with an interactive panel debate, co-hosted with the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior (SNEB) Foundation. Royal Society of Biology Approves Summit for 87 CPD Credits! We are pleased to share that this year's Summit has been formally approved by the Royal Society of Biology  for Continuing Professional Development.   Participants attending the full four-day programme may claim 87 CPD points, including those registered with the Royal Society of Biology’s CPD scheme.   This recognises the Summit as an event of significant professional value, supporting the development needs of attendees across disciplines. Successfully Completed Satellite Events Bern Satellite Event on Nutrition in Population Health 10th July 2025   A focused session with Bern University of Applied Science examining how nutrition research can inform population-level health strategies, with emphasis on equity and systems thinking. Biel/Bienne Culinary Masterclass 10th July 2025   A practical culinary masterclass showcasing sensory education and plant-forward menu innovation in the Swiss context. Kuala Lumpur Satellite Event: Nutrition, Disease Prevention & Systems Thinking 28th July 2025  This session featured an overview of NNEdPro’s two decades of work, insights from the MTK Initiative, and presentations spanning literacy-focused community projects, UNICEF’s draft nutrition competency framework for medical education, and new epidemiological and clinical perspectives on NCD prevention in Malaysia.   The programme also highlighted systems-thinking approaches linking nutrition and T2DM, with discussions paving the way for renewed collaboration and network activity across South-East Asia. Ulster Satellite Event on Precision Nutrition 5th November 2025  Hosted in Northern Ireland as a replacement for the annual NICHE symposium, this event examined emerging science and applied practice in precision nutrition. Nairobi Satellite Event on Strengthening Food Systems, Nutrition & Health: Through Availability and Access 11th November 2025 A high-level forum bringing together policymakers, researchers, and practitioners to discuss nutrition-sensitive strategies that strengthen food systems, improve availability and access, and support resilient, health-promoting environments. Upcoming Summit Events Belem Satellite Event on Food Security & Sustainability   24 November 2025 | 18:00–22:00 GMT-3 In-person & Virtual | Free to attend   Hosted in Brazil, this event addresses nutrition's role in shaping food systems and promoting sustainability, especially in the context of climate and equity. Main Summit: Dundee & St Andrews, Scotland 10–13 December 2025 In-person & Virtual | Ticketed   Join us in Scotland for the full Summit experience:   10 December: Pre-Summit Symposium & Opening Reception at the James Hutton Institute (Dundee)   11–12 December: Main Summit at the Dundee Science Centre Gala Tartan Dinner  on the evening of the 11th at Dundee and Angus College. Culinary Ecology Cooking Experience  on the evening of 12th at the Dundee International Women's Centre.   13 December: Global Youth Essay Competition & Festival of Ideas  at St Leonards School (St Andrews) - Deadline for essays has been extended to 30th November! This is a fantastic way to get your children involved in the conversation.   Note:  IANE members receive a 30% discount on Main Summit registration. Join IANE today  to claim your discount! Q3 TO EARLY Q4 HIGHLIGHTS Follow-up from the 10th International Summit (December 2024) Building on the momentum of the 10th International Summit  and carrying this work forward into 2025, the Forum for Democratising Food & Nutrition  has been established in partnership with Shiv Nadar University,  as a global hub for knowledge, advocacy, and capacity-building. As we prepare to launch the Forum’s digital hub and first-year initiatives, we are making a final call for contributions to our strategic crowdfunding campaign. Your support is vital to sustaining this bridge between the 2024 and 2025 Summits and ensuring that Summit commitments translate into long-term, measurable impact. The peer-reviewed proceedings  from the last year's 10th International Summit, held in India in December 2024, have been published in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health , including all scientific discussions and 50 poster abstracts. View the Proceedings NNEdPro’s 2024 Summit commitments have been registered in the UN Global Nutrition Report’s Commitment Tracker . View the Report Engagement with the Italian Embassy in London   We were very pleased to have been invited to attend an event hosted by the Italian Embassy  in London on 13 November as part of the Week of Italian Cuisine in the World. The programme explored themes central to NNEdPro’s mission, including the importance of accurate nutrition and health information and the need to counter misinformation through evidence-based science.   This engagement also strengthens our strategic alignment with the Embassy ahead of the 11th International Summit on Food, Nutrition & Health in December. We extend our thanks to the Embassy and Italian institutions for the invitation and for their continued efforts to promote the Mediterranean Diet and advance healthy, accessible nutrition for all. IANE Webinar Series  The International Academy of Nutrition Educators (IANE)  continued its engaging webinar series this quarter, bringing together members and global partners to share diverse perspectives on nutrition in practice.   In September, Ana Magnasco delivered a session on Sludges in the Out-of-Home Food Environment, examining ethical, behavioural, and policy dimensions alongside insights from the ChefChain case study. In October, Professor Meis Moukayed presented a focused webinar on Vitamin D and Women’s Reproductive Health, highlighting current evidence and implications for clinical and public health settings.   IANE webinars remain a cornerstone of our knowledge exchange efforts, bridging theory and practice across global regions. New Clinical Toolkit: Supporting Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice   Developed in collaboration with HEIGHTS, this new Clinical Toolkit provides healthcare professionals with a practical resource addressing key nutrients of concern within the UK population.   Drawing on evidence from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey and NNEdPro’s Nutrition and Supplementation Survey, the toolkit focuses on nutrients such as iron, vitamin D, folate, vitamin B12 and iodine, alongside additional micronutrients identified through Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) insight.   The resource is designed to strengthen everyday nutritional practice and support informed, evidence-based decision making in clinical settings. The toolkit is also accredited by the Royal Society of Biology for CPD (worth 3 credits).   Disclaimer: Biomarker cut-points referenced in this toolkit are based on UK guidance and may differ from international thresholds. Congratulations to Dr Rajna Golubić and Prof Pauline Douglas We are pleased to celebrate two of NNEdPro's directors on fantastic achievements. Dr Rajna Golubić on achieving specialist registration in Diabetes, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine with the General Medical Council, and on her appointment as Global Clinical Director for Endocrinology and Diabetes within Roche’s Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic division.   This international appointment reflects her outstanding expertise and offers a significant platform to advance late-phase clinical development and improve outcomes for people living with metabolic disorders. Edit the content in this column layout so people engage with your email. We are delighted to recognise Professor Pauline Douglas on receiving the Patricia Blackburn Award for Advancing Healthcare in Northern Ireland, with a primary citation from Ulster University and an additional acknowledgement of her longstanding contributions to NNEdPro.   This award reflects her sustained leadership in nutrition education, practice and impact across the region and beyond. Little Literacy Library Visit August 2025   A field visit to two Little Literacy Libraries in Kolkata marked this year’s Independence Day activities, supported through recent fundraising efforts led by NNEdPro colleagues and partners. The combined contributions will sustain the libraries for six months, enabling the provision of new textbooks and workbooks, essential room maintenance, librarian support, nutritious meals linked to attendance, and hygiene supplies for all children.   The team met with the children and heard firsthand about their aspirations, from future health professionals and teachers to artists and scientists, and supported peer learning sessions using pictorial literacy resources. Additional books and materials were distributed across both sites, with further resource purchases underway. RECENT BLOG POSTS 2nd October The Kitchen as an Embassy: A Proposed Model for Gastrodiplomacy 11th September   The Hidden Price of Food: Revealing the True Costs of Agrifood Systems   15th August   Plate to Planet: Why Cutting Food Waste is a Recipe for Change 12th August Nourishing Immunity: How Maternal and Infant Diets Can Help Prevent Food Allergies 5th August   The Future of Nutrition Research Methods and Effective Publishing Strategies SHARE YOUR CAREER OPPORTUNITIES WITH A GLOBAL NETWORK We are pleased to invite you to showcase career and academic opportunities on the International Academy of Nutrition Educators (IANE) portal .   IANE is a global, membership-based academy run by the NNEdPro Global Institute, dedicated to capacity building and professional development in nutrition education, research, and practice. Our platform connects professionals, students, and institutions across six continents.   You are welcome to submit listings including: 🔹 PhD opportunities 🔹 Academic or clinical job openings 🔹 Research or teaching placements 🔹 Internships and fellowships   📢 For a limited time, posting opportunities on our portal is completely free – helping you reach a wide, international audience of nutrition, health, and education professionals.   👉 Submit your opportunities here .   Take advantage of this unique opportunity to connect with a global talent pool! If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out to us. BECOME A REVIEWER FOR BMJ NUTRITION, PREVENTION & HEALTH We encourage all members to actively engage in the scientific community. By becoming a  reviewer  for BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, you have the chance to stay up-to-date with the latest literature, advance your career, and establish your expertise and reputation in the field. Express your interest by reaching out to us at  info.nutrition@bmj.com .     Online First Alerts  - Ensure you stay ahead in your field by signing up  here  to receive alerts for Online First content in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health. Be the first to access new publications and stay informed.      Visit the BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health  webpage for more detailed information on editorial policies, open access, and author guidelines. SHOWCASE YOUR RESEARCH WITH THE IKANN REGISTRY Are you conducting research in food, nutrition, sustainable agriculture, or health?   Register your study on the iKANN Independent Research Registry  to boost its visibility, uphold transparency, and connect with a global community of researchers.   Whether your project is ongoing or already completed, registering helps ensure quality, ethical standards, and long-term impact.   Bonus:  Registered researchers receive 20% off article processing charges in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health and 20% off IANE membership.   👉 Submit or update your research today BE AWARE The official websites of NNEdPro Global Institute and its subsidiaries are listed below. Please note that any other websites with similar names which do not conform to these URLs are not run by us and do not represent our organisation: www.nnedpro.org.uk vle.nnedpro.org.uk www.iane.online www.createacademy.online www.mtki.org www.nutritionresearchregistry.org Anna Edesia, named after "Annapurna" (the Ancient Indian deity of food and nourishment) and "Edesia" (the Ancient Roman goddess of food), is NNEdPro's platform for highlighting our ongoing work, providing a snapshot of our key projects, ongoing research outputs and related publications - including from our flagship journal, BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health. ​ Since 2023, Anna Edesia has been published in the form of blogs , continuing to share insights into our key projects, research, and publications. From June 2021 to June 2023, Anna Edesia was a quarterly magazine, and before that, it was shared as newsletters .

Author:  Francesco Giurdanella  Reviewed and Edited by: Sarah Anderson and Prof Sumantra Ray The concept of gastrodiplomacy was defined in the early 2010s by Paul Rockower, in an article published in the Taiwanese journal Issues & Studies, where Rockower wrote: “Gastrodiplomacy is predicated on the notion that the easiest way to win hearts and minds is through the stomach.” Gastrodiplomacy has implications for multiple aspects of economies and international relations. Like many emerging concepts, gastrodiplomacy can be defined in various ways, but it is gaining global recognition.    In a practical sense, gastrodiplomacy is not only an effective negotiating tool but also a means of representing a country's heritage. Countries such as France, Thailand, Japan, Korea, India, and Italy have leveraged their cuisine as a tool of soft power, promoting their culture while supporting economic growth. Food can also facilitate decision-making, act as a gateway to cultural understanding, and foster deeper integration between peoples.     As expressed in a recent article by Johanna Mendelson Forman on the Foreign Policy website : “Dinners, and food in general, are used to celebrate complex diplomatic feats like the 1979 state dinner that Jimmy Carter hosted for Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, marking the peace deal between their two countries. Ronald Reagan holds the record for hosting 59 state dinners. He used these occasions to showcase the power of American cuisine. A recent memoir by Tom Loftus, the U.S. ambassador to Norway during the Clinton administration, features a chapter discussing how important dinners and wine promotion were to his diplomatic work.”   Sharing a plate is both a political and a promotional gesture; ultimately, eating together carries political meaning. A great example of gastrodiplomacy is the Mobile Teaching Kitchen Initiative (MTK) , developed and curated by the NNEdPro Global Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health. The initiative reflects the very foundation of gastrodiplomacy: winning hearts and minds through the stomach.     Currently, the MTK features a diverse range of culturally tailored menu templates, organised to cover the largest possible number of regions represented. This model is embodied in the concept of gastrodiplomacy but enhanced by the representation of diverse menus and cultures, as well as the social, nutritional, and gender impacts of food.     The concept of the MTK initiative ultimately represents what we might define as a “kitchen embassy,” where the kitchen is transformed from a laboratory, where food is prepared and reworked, into a true embassy, where food not only represents a means of subsistence, but also a means of promoting and representing cultures that foster communion and the sharing of ideas, starting in the kitchen and ending at the table. The MTK team supported the 10th International Summit on Food, Nutrition, and Health, held in Kolkata, India, in December 2024, serving in-person delegates representing 35 countries.     This year, the Scottish MTK initiative will continue the tradition by serving as the catering team for the  11 th  International Summit ’s Gala Dinner, taking place in Dundee, Scotland, on 11 th  December 2025. The MTK model will showcase its nutritious foundations through menus specifically designed to connect cultures often considered worlds apart.   The MTK initiative is a great model of bottom-up gastrodiplomacy, in which the protagonists —namely, chefs— become ambassadors themselves, creating and facilitating relationships built around food. With this logic, the MTK case aims to inspire the concept of food, even as a grassroots political tool, to be more widespread and consolidated.     Food and nutrition straddle both the humanities and sciences. From a scientific perspective, eating with others can trigger the release of endorphins2. Additionally, the very act of chewing can trigger the release of serotonin, potentially improving mood. There are also social benefits to the camaraderie of eating and drinking with others, which contribute to the creation and promotion of a more harmonious intercultural understanding that links both science and society through food and culture.     Ultimately, gastrodiplomacy highlights the power of food as both a cultural bridge and a diplomatic tool. The Mobile Teaching Kitchen initiative demonstrates how cuisine can transcend borders, foster mutual understanding, and promote both health and harmony. As food continues to shape our social and political landscapes, models such as the MTK remind us that the kitchen can truly serve as an embassy that connects people through the universal language of food.  Method  ChatGPT was used for sectioning the topics in this blog and to clean up grammar.    References:    Spence, Charles, 2016, Gastrodiplomacy: Assessing the role of food in decision-making. Flavour, Vol. 5, BioMed Central, London, United Kingdom https://flavourjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13411-016-0050-8#Fn37   https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/03/07/trump-culinary-diplomacy-mar-a-lago/    https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/07/25/china-xi-jinping-war-dinner-economy/    https://cup.columbia.edu/book/gastronativism/9780231202077/    https://www.bonappetit.com/story/american-culinary-corps-trump-biden-diplomacy?srsltid=AfmBOooTfBcFELXEBbH8udo8d_FGHyXhlBNNB3iYWEyaQ57W8_WdSqbp    https://www.euronews.com/culture/2025/03/02/gastro-diplomacy-ukraines-soft-power-gambit-for-stomachs-hearts-and-minds    https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-economica-e-politica-commerciale/diplomaziaeconomica/promozione-integrata-del-sistema/le-rassegne-tematiche/settimana-della-cucina-italiana/    https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1887847    https://www.economie.gouv.fr/actualites/une-strategie-nationale-pour-faire-rayonner-la-haute-gastronomie-francaise#

Author: Janice Man Editors: Jenneffer Tibaes, Sarah Anderson, Wanja Nyaga Acknowledgements: NNEdPro Global Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health; International Academy of Nutrition Educators (IANE); BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health; Author of the Article – Davis et al.; ChatGPT.  The 2023 State of Food and Agriculture report  focuses on unpacking the full impacts and dependencies of agrifood systems, going beyond traditional measures to reveal the hidden costs that food production and consumption impose on the environment, health, and society. It emphasises the need for a holistic assessment of agrifood systems to better understand these interconnected challenges and guide more sustainable policies. At the core of the report is true cost accounting (TCA) , a framework that captures not only the market value of food but also the external costs often ignored in decision-making. These include greenhouse gas emissions, land degradation, water use, malnutrition, and healthcare expenses associated with dietary choices. By translating these impacts into monetary terms, TCA makes them visible and comparable, helping policymakers and stakeholders weigh trade-offs more effectively.  The findings reveal the scale of the issue: the global hidden costs of agrifood systems are estimated at US$12.7 trillion (2020 PPP) , roughly 10% of world GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Even under conservative assumptions, these costs are at least US$10.8 trillion, and potentially much higher. This staggering figure highlights the urgent need for transformation, as current food systems are not only inefficient but also unsustainable and inequitable. By quantifying these costs, the report provides a strong evidence base for reform. It demonstrates how subsidies, policies, and investments can be reformed to mitigate negative impacts while enhancing benefits, such as healthier diets, reduced emissions, and fairer labour practices. The analysis also underlines the importance of cross-country comparisons to identify where interventions could have the greatest effect.  Finally, the report positions this edition as a starting point for future action. The FAO plans to expand on this work in the 2024 report, offering more detailed case studies and practical examples of TCA in action, especially in countries with limited data and resources. This continuity signals a broader shift toward integrating true cost approaches into global agrifood policy and decision-making.  Read the full study here .    Method  ChatGPT was used for sectioning the topics in this blog and to clean up grammar.      References    Davis, B., Mane, E., Gurbuzer, L.Y., Caivano, G., Piedrahita, N., Schneider, K., Azhar, N. et al. 2023. Estimating global and country-level employment in agrifood systems. FAO Statistics Working Paper Series, No. 23-34. Rome, FAO. https://www.fao.org/3/cc4337en/cc4337en.pdf      FAO. 2022. The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. Leveraging agricultural automation for transforming agrifood systems. Rome, FAO. https://www.fao.org/3/CC7724EN/CC7724EN.pdf      Kraak, V.I., Swinburn, B., Lawrence, M. & Harrison, P. 2014. An accountability framework to promote healthy food environments. Public Health Nutrition, 17(11): 2467–2483. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980014000093      HLPE (High Level Panel of Experts). 2017. Nutrition and food systems – A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security. Rome, FAO. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7846e.pdf      UNSCN (United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition). 2016. Impact Assessment of Policies to Support Healthy Food Environments and Healthy Diet – Implementing the Framework for Action of the Second International Conference on Nutrition. Rome. https://www.unscn.org/uploads/web/news/document/DiscPaper3-EN-WEB.pdf      Capitals Coalition. n.d. The Capitals Approach. In: Capitals Coalition. [Cited 8 December 2022]. https://capitalscoalition.org/capitals-approach      FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP & WHO. 2022. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639en      Ewert, B. & Loer, K. 2021. Advancing behavioural public policies: in pursuit of a more comprehensive concept. Policy and Politics, 49(1): 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557320X15907721287475      Cesareo, M., Sorgente, A., Labra, M., Palestini, P., Sarcinelli, B., Rossetti, M., Lanz, M. et al. 2022. The effectiveness of nudging interventions to promote healthy eating choices: A systematic review and an intervention among Italian university students. Appetite, 168: 105662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105662     Elwin, P., Amadi, E., Mitchell, E. & Hunter, P. 2023. Financial markets roadmap for transforming the global food system. In: Planet Tracker. https://planet-tracker.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Financial-Markets-Roadmap-for-transforming-the-Global-Food-System.pdf      Riemer, O., Mairaj Shah, T.M. & Müller, A. 2023. The role of true cost accounting in guiding agrifood businesses and investments towards sustainability – Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2023. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper, No. 23-13. Rome, FAO.     Meybeck, A. & FAO, eds. 2014. Voluntary Standards for Sustainable Food Systems: Challenges and Opportunities – A Workshop of the FAO/UNEP Programme on Sustainable Food Systems. Rome, FAO. https://www.fao.org/3/i3421e/i3421e.pdf      Pernechele, V., Fontes, F., Baborska, R., Nkuingoua, J., Pan, X. & Tuyishime, C. 2021. Public expenditure on food and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa – Trends, challenges and priorities. Rome, FAO. https://www.fao.org/3/cb4492en/cb4492en.pdf      TEEB. 2018. TEEB for Agriculture & Food: Scientific and Economic Foundations. Geneva, Switzerland, UN Environment. https://teebweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Foundations_Report_Final_October.pdf      Gemmill-Herren, B., Baker, L.E. & Daniels, P.A., eds. 2021. True cost accounting for food – Balancing the scale. London, New York, Routledge.

Author: Janice Man Editors: Jenneffer Tibaes, Sarah Anderson Acknowledgements: NNEdPro Global Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health; International Academy of Nutrition Educators (IANE); BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health; Author of the Article –Susan Miller Davis, Amanda Hong, Mihir Mathur, Jon Schroeder; Senior Director: Chad Frischmann; ChatGPT. Food loss and waste represent a significant contributor to climate change and resource inefficiency. Approximately one-third of all food produced globally goes uneaten, squandering water, land, energy, labour, and capital while generating about 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Scope and Drivers of Food Waste Food loss and waste occur at every stage of the supply chain, from production through consumption. However, the primary causes vary dramatically by region. In lower-income areas, inadequate infrastructure presents the main challenge. Limited access to appropriate storage facilities, unreliable transport networks, and outdated processing methods mean that significant portions of food never reach the market. Conversely, in higher-income regions, waste typically stems from retail and consumer behaviours. Supermarkets often reject produce based solely on appearance standards, restaurants serve oversized portions, and households frequently over-purchase or discard food before spoilage occurs. Each context requires tailored solutions to address its specific waste drivers.  Climate and Environmental Impact The environmental cost of food waste extends far beyond the discarded item itself. Every wasted food product has already used land, water, labour, energy, and other resources throughout its journey from farm to fork. When this food ultimately reaches a landfill, decomposition releases methane, a greenhouse gas significantly more potent than carbon dioxide. The scale of this impact is staggering: food waste is responsible for around 8% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing this waste delivers significant climate benefits while simultaneously easing pressure on ecosystems. By decreasing demand for agricultural expansion, waste reduction helps prevent deforestation and protects biodiversity. Modelling and Emissions Reduction Scenarios Project Drawdown has modelled the potential climate impact of food waste reduction using two scenarios, both benchmarked against a 2014 baseline. The first scenario envisions a 50% reduction in food loss and waste by 2050, which would avoid approximately 88.5 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. This reduction comes from three sources: avoided food production, reduced land conversion, and the preservation of natural ecosystems. The second, more aggressive scenario targets a 75% reduction by 2050, potentially avoiding about 102.2 gigatonnes of emissions. These figures highlight the remarkable scale of climate benefits achievable through coordinated interventions. Co-benefits of Reducing Food Waste Climate mitigation represents just one advantage of reducing food waste. Perhaps the most immediate benefit is improved food security. By redirecting food that would otherwise be wasted, communities can improve nutritional access without requiring further agricultural output. This improved nutrition translates into better health outcomes, including enhanced cardiovascular health and healthier body weights. Waste reduction also improves resource efficiency across the board, reducing strain on land, water, and energy systems while shrinking the environmental footprint of the entire food sector. These interconnected benefits create a powerful case for action beyond climate concerns alone. Implementation Strategies Effective approaches to reducing food waste must account for regional circumstances and capabilities. In lower-income regions, strategic infrastructure investments offer the greatest potential impact. Cold storage facilities, reliable transport networks, and modern processing equipment can significantly reduce post-harvest losses. Higher-income regions require a different approach, focusing primarily on transforming retail and consumer practices. Public awareness campaigns, clearer labelling that distinguishes between “best before” and “use by” dates, and business incentives for donating surplus food can create substantial improvements. Regardless of context, success requires collaboration among governments, businesses, charitable organisations, and research institutions. Partnerships such as those between Project Drawdown and ReFED demonstrate the power of combining rigorous data analysis, practical policy tools, and strategic investment approaches to address the challenge at scale. Conclusion Reducing food waste stands out as one of the most immediate and effective strategies for addressing climate change while promoting a more sustainable food system. When implemented globally, these efforts could prevent up to 102 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by 2050, a contribution comparable to entire economic sectors. The benefits extend beyond environmental impact, encompassing improved nutrition, better public health outcomes, and ecosystem protection. Realising these outcomes requires targeted strategies that reflect local conditions, supported by robust cooperation among governments, businesses, non-profit organisations, and communities. By combining infrastructure improvements, supportive policies, strategic investment, and behaviour change initiatives, the global food system can become significantly more efficient, resilient, and equitable. The recipe for change is clear; now we must act on it. Read the full study here . Method ChatGPT was used for sectioning the topics in this blog and to clean up grammar. References Project Drawdown. Reduced food waste. Retrieved August 13, 2025, from https://drawdown.org/solutions/reduced-food-waste

Author: Janice Man Editors: Sarah Armes, Sarah Anderson Acknowledgments: NNEdPro Global Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health; International Academy of Nutrition Educators (IANE); BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health; Author of the Article – Ralf G Heine; ChatGPT. The prevalence of food allergies is increasing globally, with many cases persisting into later childhood and adulthood. Atopic dermatitis (eczema), particularly when it appears early and with greater severity, is a known indicator of increased food allergy risk. While genetic predisposition plays a role, environmental exposures, like air pollution, smoking, and low sunlight, also contribute to immune system dysregulation. Because individual risk is difficult to assess, infant feeding remains one of the few modifiable factors that parents can control. This review explores how maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as infant feeding practices, influence immune development and allergy risk. It also highlights the role of the gut microbiome and summarises global guidelines supporting early allergen introduction. Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation  While no specific maternal diet has been conclusively shown to prevent food allergies, what mothers eat can shape the baby’s immune system. Diets high in ultra-processed foods, added sugars, and unhealthy fats, common in Western dietary patterns, may increase allergy risk in children. In contrast, diets rich in fibre and whole foods help support a diverse maternal gut microbiome, which may contribute to immune tolerance in the infant. Maternal diets high in omega-3 fatty acids  Omega-3s, found in oily fish, flaxseed and walnuts, have anti-inflammatory effects and may aid in immune system development. Although some studies suggest fish oil supplements during pregnancy reduce allergy-related markers, the evidence is inconsistent. For now, the guidelines don’t recommend omega-3 supplements specifically to prevent food allergies. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy  Vitamin D plays a key role in immune regulation and may help develop tolerance to allergens. Deficiency has been linked to a higher risk of allergies, notably to eggs and peanuts. However, excessive vitamin D may increase allergy risk, showing a U-shaped relationship. While sun exposure and foods like fatty fish can help meet vitamin D needs, current guidelines don’t support routine supplementation for allergy prevention. Breastfeeding   Breast milk provides antibodies, beneficial bacteria, and trace dietary antigens that can help build immune tolerance. However, breastfeeding alone does not significantly protect against food allergies. Other factors, such as genetics, maternal microbiome, and environmental exposures, may moderate its effect. Variability in breast milk composition, including differences in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), may also influence allergy outcomes by shaping the infant gut microbiome. Formula feeding  Formula serves as the primary alternative for infants who are not breastfed. No current formula has been definitively shown to prevent food allergies. Early exposure to cow’s milk-based formula may increase the risk of milk allergy in high-risk infants. Some evidence suggests that partially hydrolysed formulas (PHF) may reduce eczema, but their role in allergy prevention is uncertain. More high-quality studies are needed to draw firm conclusions, especially since results vary by formula type and study design. Complementary weaning diet and early allergen introduction   Introducing solid foods, including common allergens like peanut and egg, around 6 months of age is now a key strategy for allergy prevention. This shift is based on strong evidence, including the LEAP (Learning Early About Peanut Allergy) trial, which found an 81% reduction in peanut allergy among high-risk infants who consumed peanuts early (4-11 months of age). The EAT (Enquiring About Tolerance) trial also supported early allergen introduction, though adherence was challenging.  Despite the evidence, implementing early allergen introduction in real-world settings is complex. Parents often feel unsure about when and how to introduce allergens or how much to give. Clear, consistent guidance from healthcare providers can help families navigate this process effectively.  Eczema and early allergen exposure Infants with eczema are at higher risk for developing food allergies, especially when allergens enter through broken or inflamed skin. Introducing small amounts of allergenic foods, like peanut and egg, into the infant’s diet around 4 to 6 months of age may help the immune system build tolerance. This strategy could further reduce allergy risk in combination with regular skin care, such as daily moisturising to maintain the skin barrier. However, more research is needed to clarify best practices for this combined approach. Conclusion  Maternal and early infant diets are modifiable factors that influence food allergy development through immune, epigenetic, and microbiome-related pathways. Exclusive breastfeeding has many health benefits, but doesn't prevent food allergies alone. Early allergen introduction, especially egg and peanut, between 4 and 6 months of age, is a proven method to reduce allergy incidence. Maternal allergen avoidance is not recommended, and current evidence does not support the supplementation of omega-3, vitamin D, probiotics, or prebiotics solely for allergy prevention. Combining early allergen exposure with diligent skin care may offer additional benefits for infants with eczema. For more details, read the full study here .  Method ChatGPT was used for sectioning the topics in this blog and to clean up grammar. References  Ralf G Heine - Dietary strategies for early immune modulation in primary food allergy prevention: BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000678

Author: Holly Giles Speakers: Professor Martin Kohlmeier Panellists: Professor Sumantra Ray, Dr Kathy Martyn, Wanja Nyaga Reviewers: Sarah Armes, Sarah Anderson Professor Martin Kohlmeier is the Editor-in-Chief of BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, a peer- reviewed journal that publishes a wide range of articles focused on nutrition, clinical care, and public health. The journal aims to share new and relevant insights that can inform both research and clinical practice. Recent articles published by the BMJ, highlighting the breadth of the journal, include: Vitamin D and Body Composition:  “Interrelations of vitamin D status with adiposity and muscle mass in adult women”. This provides additional clarity on the impact of adiposity on vitamin D status in obese adults (Amr, R., 2025). Menstrual Hygiene in Adolescents:  “Effects of behavioural change communication on menstrual hygiene practices among urban school adolescent girls: a pilot study”. This increases global awareness and understanding of what is occurring with regards to hygiene and behaviour in adolescent girls in Bangladesh. This quantitative information can increase support to young women with regards to menstrual needs globally (Saleh, F., et al. 2023). Calcium and Sleep:  “Association between calcium intake and sleep quality: a systematic review”. The journal has also published a number of systematic reviews surrounding COVID-19 infection and the factors influencing COVID-19 outcomes. These serve as a summary of the literature, to synthesise important information and guide future action (Isoda, A., et al. 2025). The BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health journal also publishes ‘Practice Patterns’ to guide practitioners on challenges and tasks relating to a specific clinical practice, and an outline of the current evidence for this practice. These are designed to help healthcare professionals improve decision-making and apply best practices in real-world settings. The future of nutrition research for the BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health: Everybody is different  – Research is needed on different populations and demographics to better understand population health. Suspected nutritional effects may be substantiated when analysing data by specific demographic categories, such as sex, ethnicity, genotypes and lifestyle. Everything is connected with everything  – Health, exercise, nutrition, and wellbeing are all interconnected and affected by a combination of the genome, microbiome and metabolome. The interplay between these needs to be considered for overall health and wellbeing. One example of a future focus for the BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health is precision nutrition. This is defined as the use of genetic or other molecular markers to predict the likely response to a nutrition intervention and to plan lifestyle and treatments accordingly. This has the potential to link findings from different domains and improve clinical practice, by tailoring treatments to a predicted response. An example of this can be seen in salt sensitivity for reducing blood pressure control. To conclude, precision nutrition is predicted to be a key focus of the BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health in coming years to better understand the interplay between factors and the significant consequences this can have on clinical practice, treatment plans, and population health. References: Amr, R., 2025. Interrelations of vitamin D status with adiposity and muscle mass in adult women. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, 8(1). Saleh, F., Ahmed, K.R., Khatun, T., Roy, N., Uddin, S. and Kabir, M.R., 2023. Effects of behavioural change communication (BCC) on menstrual hygiene practices among urban school adolescent girls: a pilot study. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, 6(2), p.416. Isoda, A., Kiriya, J. and Jimba, M., 2025. Association between calcium intake and sleep quality: a systematic review. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health.

Author: Sarah Anderson Reviewers: Shumone Ray As we reach the midpoint of 2025, we are proud to reflect on a vibrant second quarter within the global ecosystem of the NNEdPro Global Institute and all its nine partner initiatives. The past few months have witnessed strategic organisational developments, increasing global engagement, and continued momentum towards our apex event for this calendar year, the 11th International Summit on Food, Nutrition and Health in December 2025.   Over the first half of 2025, we have implemented pledges made in our 10th International Summit (December 2024) by strengthening our commitment to advancing nutrition science in a manner that is inclusive, accessible, and responsive to global challenges through cross-sector partnerships and impactful knowledge exchange.   None of this would be possible without the ongoing support of our members, collaborators, and funders. With your help, we continue to bridge the gap between evidence and action across disciplines and geographies.   Read on for key highlights from April to June and discover what’s on the horizon, including how you can be part of our mission and vision as we prepare for an inspiring second half of our 17th year. Birthday Message From the Chair As I turned 50 on 3rd July, I have been reflecting on the 25 years since I began my journey since I qualified dually as both a medical doctor and public health nutritionist. The world has changed in so many ways, yet when it comes to population health and resilience, there's still so much work to do particularly as we are met with new global challenges, nowadays often geopolitical in origin, but inevitably adding to the already complex burden of disease.   That said, I feel hopeful. The shared experience, commitment, and knowhow of our incredible virtual community of well over 1,000 professionals from almost half of the world’s nations is an intangible yet invaluable asset in our quest to harness science in the service of society. With continued momentum and directed efforts, I truly believe that the next 25 years can bring meaningful and lasting change for future generations including an increased understanding of our responsibilities linking food, nutrition, health, and climate change. We are all set to explore this fully in our end of year Summit including an exciting satellite event in the margins of COP 30 in the heart of the Amazon itself!   To mark my personal milestone this July and having now spent over half of my adult life in the support of the NNEdPro mission I have started the ball rolling by donating £50 to a cause close to my heart – supporting education for children living in two slum communities with which we have been working for several years – I will be visiting these communities with my daughter, Niki, in August and am looking forward to using proceeds from this crowdfunding campaign and other fundraising activities that we have started, to provide essential educational resources to these children as a small but tangible investment in tomorrow’s changemakers. If you can contribute (even £5 helps significantly) , it would mean a great deal. We will keep everyone updated on impact of funds raised.   Thank you for your continued support and kindness.   – Shumone https://www.nnedpro.org.uk/sumantra-ray Q2 HIGHLIGHTS NNEdPro Contributes Nutrition Content to New Lifestyle Medicine Textbook We are proud to announce that NNEdPro had the opportunity to co-write the nutrition section of the newly published Essential   Lifestyle Medicine  textbook.   This is the official textbook of the British Society for Lifestyle Medicine, a strategic collaborative partner of NNEdPro. The collaborative effort reflects our commitment to evidence-based, interdisciplinary approaches to health.   Special thanks to Dr Breanna Lepre , Dr Federica Amati , Professor Lauren Ball  and Professor Sumantra Ray  for their valuable contributions to this achievement. Thanks also to Dr Ellen Fallows, lead editor, for inviting NNEdPro to contribute. NNEdPro-NICHE Partnership Strengthens Through Expert Lectures and Workshops at Ulster University In April, NNEdPro partnered with Ulster University’s NICHE research group  to host a series of impactful events featuring Professor Martin Kohlmeier , Editor-in-Chief of BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health, and  Verónica Flores  from Tec de Monterrey.   These well-attended sessions, including lectures and workshops on precision nutrition, publishing, and challenge-based learning , helped deepen collaboration in nutrition education and innovation between our organisations.   We extend our sincere thanks to all involved in making these events a success, including BrianÓg Murphy, Francesco Giurdanella, Prof Pauline Douglas, and Dr Catherine Hughes. Celebrating Excellence at the 2025 NNEdPro–IANE Awards Symposium  On 30th April, NNEdPro hosted the annual NNEdPro–IANE Awards Symposium  at Selwyn College, University of Cambridge, bringing together our global community to recognise outstanding contributions across nutrition education, research, and innovation.   This year marked the introduction of a new award category for Excellence in Medical Nutrition Education in the UK , co-judged with the Association for Nutrition  and Nutritank , with nominations received from three leading UK medical schools. A clear winner and runner-up were selected for their exceptional efforts in advancing medical nutrition education.   We were also proud to recognise a research group of outstanding calibre with the 2025 Outstanding Achievement Award , alongside numerous Fellows and Academy Members across a range of categories. This year’s symposium was especially meaningful as the IANE Academy officially surpassed 1,000 members  — a milestone worth celebrating.   Our sincere thanks to Sucheta Mitra and the NNEdPro Operations Team for coordinating this year’s awards, as well as the expert judging panel for their time and dedication.   👉 Read the full list of winners on our blog  Gene-Edited Foods and Public Health: NNEdPro on Times Radio On 6 May, NNEdPro’s Chief Scientist, Professor Sumantra Ray, appeared live on the Times Radio Breakfast Show to discuss the UK’s forthcoming legislation on gene-edited foods.   The interview explored key implications for food security, nutrition, and consumer health, and highlighted the importance of transparency, robust research, and public trust. Read the blog here . Dr Rajna Golubic Represents NNEdPro at 75th International Diabetes Federation Congress  We were proud to see  Dr Rajna Golubic  (NNEdPro Associate Director, BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health Associate Editor, and NIHR Clinical Lecturer in Diabetes and Endocrinology) deliver a prestigious invited talk at the 75th International Diabetes Federation Congress  in Bangkok.   Dr Golubic’s presentation focused on the cost-effectiveness of lifestyle interventions and glucose-lowering treatments for diabetes prevention, drawing on the NNEdPro Nutrition and Levels of Prevention Framework .   The IDF Congress brought together over 6,000 delegates from around the world, with strong representation from low- and middle-income countries and a shared emphasis on prevention-oriented strategies in resource-constrained settings. NNEdPro–King’s College London Seminar and Partnership Launch  In May, NNEdPro joined King’s College London for a special seminar titled Global Nutrition, Health and Disease: From Molecules to Mankind. The event featured insights across the nutrition science spectrum and marked the beginning of a new phase of strategic partnership between NNEdPro and King’s.   The seminar was recorded and will be available for those who were unable to attend live. We look forward to building on this renewed collaboration through joint initiatives in research, education, and public engagement. Bringing Mexican Flavours to Scotland: MTK Knowledge Exchange Workshop in Dundee On 8th May, NNEdPro’s MTK Mexico Lead, Verónica Flores , led a vibrant knowledge exchange workshop at the Dundee International Women’s Centre . The session marked a significant step in adapting plant-based Mexican menu templates into the UK MTK repertoire, made possible through collaboration with the Scottish MTK team.   Participants included women from seven different countries, highlighting the programme’s global reach and the power of food to connect cultures. The hands-on workshop inspired new ideas, including the potential development of an interventional cookbook focusing on the MENA region with adaptations for the UK context.   This workshop also coincided with the exciting news that UK MTK core funding has been extended into its second year; a promising step for future community-led innovations in culinary education and nutrition.   Our heartfelt thanks to all in-person and remote contributors, and to the communications team for capturing and sharing the day’s highlights. Professor Walter Willett to Deliver Keynote at the 11th International Summit on Food, Nutrition & Health We are honoured to announce that Professor Walter Willett, EAT-Lancet Commission Co-Chair and Professor of Epidemiology and Nutrition at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , will be delivering a keynote at the 11th International Summit this December.   Reflecting on decades of work in nutritional epidemiology, Professor Willett’s talk will explore the extent to which evidence has informed meaningful changes in nutrition education and public behaviour. His session will conclude with an interactive panel debate, co-hosted with the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior (SNEB) Foundation. Dietary Patterns and Mental Health: NNEdPro Featured in BBC Coverage of New Study A newly published study in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health examining links between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms has received widespread media attention, including BBC Radio coverage featuring insights from Professor Sumantra Ray.   The NNEdPro Global Institute, as co-owner of the journal, issued a response highlighting both the significance and limitations of the findings, and the need for further well-designed research in this area. Read the full article . IANE Webinars Spotlight Global Nutrition Innovations and Challenges The International Academy of Nutrition Educators (IANE)  continued its engaging webinar series this quarter, bringing together members and global partners to share diverse perspectives on nutrition in practice.   Dr Ebiambu Agwara  delivered a compelling presentation in collaboration with one of our new partner organisations in Ghana, where an NNEdPro–IANE awardee is actively advancing community-based nutrition initiatives. Her talk explored gaps and opportunities in the nutritional management of hypertension in Ghana and similar West African contexts.   Dr Timothy Eden  also presented on The Changing Landscape of Bowel Cancer in the UK, examining how nutrition can play a preventative and therapeutic role in cancer care.   Rounding out the quarter, Dr Dionysia Lyra  shared insights from her research at the International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture in Dubai, highlighting halophytes — salt-tolerant edible plants — and their potential as functional foods in sustainable nutrition systems.   IANE webinars remain a cornerstone of our knowledge exchange efforts, bridging theory and practice across global regions. Spotlight on the 11th International Summit and Satellite Events   The countdown is on! The 11th International Summit on Food, Nutrition and Health  returns this December, bringing together thought leaders, innovators, and practitioners to advance nutrition knowledge and equity on a global scale.   Registration is now open for the Main Summit, all Satellite Events, and a series of Masterclasses. Satellite events are free to attend with limited in-person spaces. Don’t miss the chance to be part of this global journey! Bern Satellite Event on Nutrition in Population Health   10 July 2025 | 09:00–12:00 CEST In-person & Virtual | Free to attend Hosted in collaboration with Bern University of Applied Science, this event focuses on applying nutrition research to population-level health strategies, with cross-cutting themes in health equity and systems thinking. Biel/Bienne Culinary Masterclass   10 July 2025 | 14:30–18:30 CEST In-person only | Ticketed   This hands-on culinary masterclass explores sensory education and plant-forward menu innovation in Biel/Bienne, Switzerland. Masterclass Kuala Lumpur Satellite Event: Nutrition, Disease Prevention & Systems Thinking   28 July 2025 | 14:00-17:00 MYT In-person & Virtual | Free to attend This session highlights interdisciplinary approaches to preventing non-communicable diseases through nutrition and systems-based solutions in the Malaysian context. New Delhi Satellite Event: Masterclasses on Nutrition-Sensitive Policy   6–7 August 2025 In-person only | Ticketed  Held at and in collaboration with Shiv Nadar University, this two-day masterclass series focuses on policy-level approaches to nutrition resilience in India and the wider South Asian region. Ulster Satellite Event: Precision Nutrition   5 November 2025 | 09:00–17:00 GMT In-person & Virtual | Free to attend   Replacing the annual NICHE symposium, this event hosted in Northern Ireland delves into the science and practical application of precision nutrition strategies. Belem Satellite Event on Food Security & Sustainability   24 November 2025 | 18:00–22:00 GMT-3 In-person & Virtual | Free to attend   Hosted in Brazil, this event addresses nutrition's role in shaping food systems and promoting sustainability, especially in the context of climate and equity. Main Summit: Dundee & St Andrews, Scotland   10–13 December 2025 In-person & Virtual | Ticketed   Join us in Scotland for the full Summit experience:   10 December: Pre-Summit Symposium & Opening Reception at the James Hutton Institute (Dundee)   11–12 December: Main Summit at Dundee and Angus College, plus the Gala Tartan Dinner on the evening of the 11th   13 December: Global Youth Essay Competition & Festival of Ideas  at St Leonards School (St Andrews)   Note:  IANE members receive a 30% discount on Main Summit registration. Join IANE today  to claim your discount! St Andrews Satellite Event on Medical Nutrition Education   13 December 2025 | 14:30–17:00 GMT In-person & Virtual | Free to attend   Concluding the Summit, this dedicated session explores innovations in medical nutrition education and clinical learning, hosted by the University of St Andrews. SHARE YOUR CAREER OPPORTUNITIES WITH A GLOBAL NETWORK We are pleased to invite you to showcase career and academic opportunities on the International Academy of Nutrition Educators (IANE) portal .   IANE is a global, membership-based academy run by the NNEdPro Global Institute, dedicated to capacity building and professional development in nutrition education, research, and practice. Our platform connects professionals, students, and institutions across six continents.   You are welcome to submit listings including: 🔹 PhD opportunities 🔹 Academic or clinical job openings 🔹 Research or teaching placements 🔹 Internships and fellowships   📢 For a limited time, posting opportunities on our portal is completely free – helping you reach a wide, international audience of nutrition, health, and education professionals.   👉 Submit your opportunities here .   Take advantage of this unique opportunity to connect with a global talent pool! If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out to us. BECOME A REVIEWER FOR BMJ NUTRITION, PREVENTION & HEALTH We encourage all members to actively engage in the scientific community. By becoming a  reviewer  for BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, you have the chance to stay up-to-date with the latest literature, advance your career, and establish your expertise and reputation in the field. Express your interest by reaching out to us at  info.nutrition@bmj.com .     Online First Alerts  - Ensure you stay ahead in your field by signing up  here  to receive alerts for Online First content in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health. Be the first to access new publications and stay informed.      Visit the BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health  webpage for more detailed information on editorial policies, open access, and author guidelines. SHOWCASE YOUR RESEARCH WITH THE IKANN REGISTRY Are you conducting research in food, nutrition, sustainable agriculture, or health?   Register your study on the iKANN Independent Research Registry  to boost its visibility, uphold transparency, and connect with a global community of researchers.   Whether your project is ongoing or already completed, registering helps ensure quality, ethical standards, and long-term impact.   Bonus:  Registered researchers receive 20% off article processing charges in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health and 20% off IANE membership.   👉 Submit or update your research today BE AWARE The official websites of NNEdPro Global Institute and its subsidiaries are listed below. Please note that any other websites with similar names which do not conform to these URLs are not run by us and do not represent our organisation: www.nnedpro.org.uk vle.nnedpro.org.uk www.iane.online www.createacademy.online www.mtki.org www.nutritionresearchregistry.org Anna Edesia, named after "Annapurna" (the Hindu deity of food and nourishment) and "Edesia" (the Ancient Roman goddess of food), is NNEdPro's platform for highlighting our ongoing work, providing a snapshot of our key projects, ongoing research outputs and related publications - including from our flagship journal, BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health. ​ Since 2023, Anna Edesia has been published in the form of blogs , continuing to share insights into our key projects, research, and publications. From June 2021 to June 2023, Anna Edesia was a quarterly magazine, and before that, it was shared as newsletters .

Author: Holly Giles Speakers: Dr Timothy Eden Panellists: Prof Sumantra, Sarah Armes Reviewers: Sarah Armes, Sarah Anderson What is early-onset bowel cancer? Early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) refers to bowel cancer first presenting in adults under the age of 50. These are caused by growth abnormalities in the lining of the colon or rectum. There are differences in the clinicopathological features in younger patients. Symptoms of bowel cancer can include unintentional weight loss, bleeding, and changes in stool habits. It is the fourth most common cancer in the UK, with almost 44,000 people being diagnosed each year. Does bowel cancer only affect older adults? There is a changing landscape surrounding bowel cancer, as whilst 90% of bowel cancer diagnoses are in adults aged over 50, the proportion of younger adults being diagnosed is rising annually. Cancer Research UK reports that incidents of early-onset CRC have risen by more than 50% since the early 1990s, with an increase of 3.6% each year in the last decade. Why are the levels of early-onset bowel cancer increasing? A common misconception is that the rise is due to the widespread application of bowel cancer screening. However, this is targeted at 50-74 year olds, meaning this is not thought to be the reason. It is also noted that screening uptake is affected by socioeconomic factors, meaning there is a need for increased awareness and education about bowel cancer and its symptoms. Addressing socioeconomic factors is crucial for equitable outcomes for all. Instead, it is attributed to the “birth-cohort effect”, where each generation born since 1970 has encountered unique lifestyle and environment factors such as antibiotic use in childhood, fructose intake, microplastics, sedentary lifestyles, and pollution. New research also suggests that early childhood bacterial toxin exposure, which causes a DNA mutation in the gut, increases the risk of early-onset bowel cancer. How does diet modify bowel cancer risk? It is known that obesity and dietary factors, such as red/processed meat and fibre intake, are significantly linked to bowel cancer risk. Numerous meta-analyses have shown that red and processed meat consumption are associated with a significant increase in colorectal cancer risk. Fortunately, the trend indicates a decrease in the consumption of red meat and processed meat among adults aged 18 to 64. However, 43% of adults still consume more than the recommended guidelines (<70 g/day). Fibre is a critical modifiable risk factor, as it dilutes carcinogens in the gut lining and enhances short-chain fatty acid production, which has anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic properties. The recommended intake of fibre is 30g per day, but the average consumption is 18-20g per day. Only 9% of adults in the UK are estimated to reach the recommendations. Alcohol is a group 1 carcinogen for colorectal cancer with a dose-dependent relationship. Microbiome dysbiosis is increasingly recognised as a contributor to carcinogens. This is influenced by high alcohol consumption, low fibre intake, and consumption of red meat. Research is still ongoing in this area to understand the contribution of the microbiome to the progression of tumour growth. How does obesity link to bowel cancer? Obesity is directly linked to colorectal cancer risk. Men who were obese in early life had a 39% higher risk of developing colorectal cancer in adulthood. In women, this same lifestyle factor was associated with a 19% risk. This is due to multiple mechanisms, including abnormal lipid metabolism, adipokines, hormones, insulin resistance, and alterations to the gut microbiome. Obesity also increases the risk of late diagnosis, due to a slow-growing tumour of 3-6 years, meaning that the condition is more established prior to diagnosis. What therapeutic role can nutrition have for bowel cancer? There is a role for prebiotics in promoting the growth of short-chain fatty acids, which enhances the barrier function and reduces inflammation within the gut. There is a need for further research to determine the therapeutic effect of pre- and probiotics at this stage. Overall, the prevalence of early-onset colorectal cancer is on the rise. Nutrition plays a crucial role in prevention by reducing the risk of colorectal cancer: this includes minimising red meat and alcohol consumption, while boosting our fibre intake and microbiome health. More research is needed to understand the role of pre- and probiotics from a therapeutic perspective, which may lead to the potential for personalised treatment based on microbiome profiles.

Author: Holly Giles Speaker: Dionysia Angeliki Lyra Panellists: Sumantra (Shumone) Ray, Meis Moukayed, Yasmin Haddad, Sarah Armes Reviewers: Sarah Armes & Sarah Anderson What are halophytes, and why are we studying them? Halophytes are highly salt-tolerant plants, representing around 1% of the world’s flora. There are 1560 halophyte plant species, including trees, shrubs, seasonal plants, and more. These crops offer a wide range of uses: food, oil production, ornamental, skincare products, forage, phytoremediation, fuel wood production, and medicinal. This is particularly important in the context of climate change, which is causing sea levels to rise and leading to seawater intrusion into freshwater sources. As a result, the salinity of groundwater is increasing. Recent data estimate that over 30% of groundwater resources in the Middle East and North Africa region are saline, rising to 70% in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This indicates a significant availability of saline water that could be further explored for potential use in agriculture. What halophytes do we currently eat? Some of the most well-known halophytes are quinoa, sea fennel, and samphire. Quinoa is a facultative halophyte and can grow in saline environments, with some varieties even thriving under such conditions. While these plants are already valued in coastal communities, increasing awareness of their potential in the context of the climate crisis highlights their wider relevance. Their notable nutritional properties (shown in the image below) further support their potential as valuable alternative crops. What health benefits are associated with halophytes? Halophytic plants can play a significant role as “functional foods”, which are defined as unprocessed foods with proven health benefits beyond their nutritional value based on the USDA definition. The exact benefits of halophytic foods depend on the plant species, but this highlights their nutritional potential. A lot of the emphasis in this area has focused on antioxidants. What is the Nature-based Solutions (NbS) project implemented in the United Arab Emirates? The aim of the project was “to focus on the protection, restoration and management of coastal ecosystems as a key nature-based solution approach to strength climate change mitigation, enhance biodiversity, and open up benefits for society through opportunities that unlock blended finance to support ecosystem protection, Blue Carbon, ecotourism, and food security”. This focused on two main halophyte species ( Salicornia sinus-persica  and Arthrocaulon macrostachyum ), including an exploration of the palatability of these products. The study showed that different growth locations significantly influenced the flavonoid, polyphenol, triterpenoid, and vitamin C content. When brought inside to grow in low-saline water, these levels were lower for all plants. This shows that the external soil, water, and climatic conditions create a specific environment that might trigger the plant to deploy strategies against salinity stress, which influences the composition of the soil as a sequence. The benefits of these crops, methods for cooking them, and information about their benefits for the climate are highlighted in the online halophyte guide . What is the halophytic kitchen lab program? The Halophytic Kitchen Lab Program aims to increase public awareness of halophytes and their potential nutritional benefits. This includes an education session to address food security challenges in hot and arid environments, a desert farm tour where halophytic crops are cultivated, cooking halophytes with a chef using the foraged halophytes and a nutritionist who provides information on the nutritional benefits of the halophytes and their dishes. Click here  for more information. What is the takeaway message? The webinar highlighted the huge culinary and commercial potential of halophytes as functional foods and potent nutritional powerhouses that could provide potential options to reduce agricultural pressure on freshwater resources and mitigate the impacts of rising salinity due to climate change. The Halophytic Kitchen Lab Program aims to increase awareness of these foods and their adoption into the diet and cultural landscape of hot and arid countries. References Al-Tamimi, M., Green, S., Abou Dahr, W., Al-Muaini, A., Lyra, D., Ammar, K., Dawoud, M., Kenyon, P., Kemp, P., Kennedy, L. and Clothier, B. (2023) Salt dynamics, leaching requirements, and leaching fractions during irrigation of a halophyte with different saline waters.  Soil Research ,  62 (1). Al-Tamimi, M., Green, S., Abou Dahr, W., Al-Muaini, A., Lyra, D., Ammar, K., Dawoud, M., Kenyon, P., Kemp, P., Kennedy, L. and McLachlan, A. (2023) Drainage, salt-leaching impacts, and the growth of Salicornia bigelovii  irrigated with different saline waters.  Agricultural Water Management ,  289 , p.108512. Barreira, L., Resek, E., Rodrigues, M.J., Rocha, M.I., Pereira, H., Bandarra, N., da Silva, M.M., Varela, J. and Custódio, L., 2017. Halophytes: Gourmet food with nutritional health benefits? Journal of Food Composition and Analysis ,  59 , pp.35-42. Castañeda-Loaiza, V., Oliveira, M., Santos, T., Schüler, L., Lima, A.R., Gama, F., Salazar, M., Neng, N.R., Nogueira, J.M.F., Varela, J. and Barreira, L., 2020. Wild vs cultivated halophytes: Nutritional and functional differences.  Food Chemistry ,  333 , p.127536. Christiansen, A.H., Lyra, D.A. and Jørgensen, H. (2021) Increasing the value of Salicornia bigelovii  green biomass grown in a desert environment through biorefining.  Industrial Crops and Products ,  160 , p.113105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113105 Custodio, L., Garcia-Caparros, P., Pereira, C.G. and Castelo-Branco, P., 2022. Halophyte plants as potential sources of anticancer agents: a comprehensive review.  Pharmaceutics ,  14 (11), p.2406. ElNaker, N.A., Yousef, A.F. and Yousef, L.F., 2020. A review of Arthrocnemum (Arthrocaulon) macrostachyum  chemical content and bioactivity.  Phytochemistry Reviews ,  19 , pp.1427-1448. Ksouri, R., Ksouri, W.M., Jallali, I., Debez, A., Magné, C., Hiroko, I. and Abdelly, C., 2012. Medicinal halophytes: potent source of health promoting biomolecules with medical, nutraceutical and food applications.  Critical reviews in biotechnology ,  32 (4), pp.289-326. Lopes, M., Sanches-Silva, A., Castilho, M., Cavaleiro, C. and Ramos, F., 2023. Halophytes as source of bioactive phenolic compounds and their potential applications.  Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition ,  63 (8), pp.1078-1101. Lyra, D., Raman, A., Hozayen, A., Zaaboul, R., Abou-Zaid, F.O., El-Naggar, A., Mansoor, S., Mahmoudi, H., Ammar, K. (2022) Evaluation of Salicornia bigelovii Germplasm for Food Use in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates based on Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Composition. Plants, 11, 2653. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192653 Lyra, D., Ismail, S., Rahman, K., and Brown, J. J. (2016) Evaluating the growth performance of eleven Salicornia bigelovii  populations under full strength seawater irrigation. Australian Journal of Crop Science (IF:1.02) https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.10.p7258 Lyra, D.A., Lampakis, E., Al Muhairi, M., Tarsh, F.M.B., Dawoud, M.A.H., Al Khawaldeh, B., Moukayed, M., Plewa, J., Cobre, L., Al Masjedi, O.S. and Al Marzouqi, K.M. 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On 30th April 2025, the Annual NNEdPro-IANE Awards Symposium took place at the historic Selwyn College, Cambridge, with simultaneous online participation, to honour excellence and innovation in nutrition education and practice. Organised by the NNEdPro Global Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health and the International Academy of Nutrition Educators (IANE) , in partnership with BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health (BMJ NPH) and supported by The International Food and Nutrition Trust (TIFN) , the event brought together educators, professionals, students, and thought leaders from across the globe. A Warm Welcome and Opening Remarks The event opened with a warm welcome from Professors Sumantra Ray and Pauline Douglas , who reflected on the growing momentum in the global nutrition education landscape and emphasised the pivotal role of NNEdPro-IANE in nurturing emerging talent and innovation. Their opening was followed by remarks from Prof Suzanne Piscopo Joint Honorary President of NNEdPro-IANE, who praised the community’s continued engagement and global collaboration. Celebrating Dedication and Impact in Nutrition Education The NNEdPro-IANE Awards Symposium is an opportunity to celebrate individual and institutional achievements and a moment to recognise the broader progress in nutrition education and public health. This year, a new category – the Medical Nutrition Education Award – was introduced, further expanding the platform for acknowledging transformative contributions in the field of medical nutrition. Awards were presented across two major groups: open categories recognising all contributors to the field, and member-exclusive categories celebrating exceptional involvement within the IANE network. The 2025 Award Categories Open Categories: Medical Nutrition Education Award (new in 2025) Outstanding Achievement Award NNEdPro-IANE Fellowship BMJ NPH Paper of the Year Member-Only Categories: Associate Member of the Year Professional Member of the Year Administrative Member of the Year Faculty Member of the Year Student Member of the Year Essay Competition Winner (Summer School & Foundation Certificate) Each award was a testament to excellence, impact, and commitment across various levels of professional and academic practice. Spotlight on the 2025 Award Recipients A standout moment of the event was the presentation of the Outstanding Achievement Award to multiple members of the NICHE B Vitamins Research Group at Ulster University. Professors Helene McNulty and Mary Ward , alongside Drs Catherine Hughes , Leane Hoey , Aoife Caffrey , Michelle Clements , Bethany Duffy , Ryan Barlow , and Shane Gordon , were honoured for their groundbreaking contributions to research, education, and policy in micronutrient health and public nutrition. In the newly introduced Medical Nutrition Education Award category, Imperial College London was awarded first place for its leadership in embedding nutrition education within clinical training. The award was accepted by Dr Richard Pinder and Dr Christopher James Harvey on behalf of the institution’s School of Public Health. Queen Mary University of London received second place in recognition of collaborative curriculum development efforts within their medical programme, with Dr Jenny Blythe and Dr Safiya Virji accepting the award on behalf of their institution. Two distinguished leaders were inducted into the NNEdPro-IANE Fellowship, recognising their leadership, mentorship, and long-standing service to the profession: Dr Glenys Jones (Association for Nutrition), and Professor Fiona McCullough (University of Nottingham) Celebrating Our Community: IANE Member Awards Among this year’s community-focused awards: Affiliate Member of the Year : Dr Suvetha Manoharan (NNEdPro) Associate Member of the Year : Ana Ines Estevez Magnasco (University of Bonn) Professional Member of the Year : Prince Ishmael Dimah (Healthplus Africa Care) Administrative Members of the Year : 2024 Summit Organising Committee (NNEdPro) Dr Suvetha Manoharan also achieved top honours in the Summer School Essay Competition , with Gerald Cheruiyot and Eoin Ryan placing as the first and second runners-up respectively – a demonstration of the growing talent within our educational programmes. Looking Ahead: Innovation, Inclusion, and Impact The 2025 Awards Symposium served as a powerful reminder of the transformative potential of nutrition education – not just as a discipline, but as a catalyst for global health improvement. Across diverse sectors and regions, the NNEdPro-IANE community continues to champion evidence-based practice, cross-sector collaboration, and leadership in both local and international contexts. As we look to the future, the achievements of this year’s awardees inspire us to continue fostering inclusive, impactful, and innovative approaches to nutrition and health education. Congratulations to all our winners and nominees! Their work represents the spirit of collaboration, evidence-based practice, and excellence that defines the NNEdPro-IANE network. Full List of 2025 NNEdPro-IANE Winners Affiliate Member of the Year Dr Suvetha Manoharan | NNEdPro Associate Member of the Year Ana Ines Estevez Magnasco | University of Bonn Professional Member of the Year Prince Ishmael Dimah| Healthplus Africa Care Administrative Members of the Year 2024 Summit Organising Committee | NNEdPro NNEdPro-IANE Fellowship Dr Glenys Jones | Association for Nutrition (AfN) NNEdPro-IANE Fellowship Prof Fiona McCollough | University of Nottingham Summer School Essay Competition Winner: Dr Suvetha Manoharan | NNEdPro 1st Runner Up:   Gerald Cheruiyot 2nd Runner Up: Eoin Ryan Outstanding Achievement Award Ulster University's NICHE B Vitamins Group Prof Helene McNulty  Prof Mary Ward Dr Catherine Hughes Dr Leane Hoey Dr Aoife Caffrey Dr Michelle Clements Dr Bethany Duffy Dr Ryan Barlow Dr Shane Gordon Medical Nutrition Education Award   Winner: Imperial College London (Accepted by Dr Richard Pinder and Dr Christopher James Harvey) 2nd Place: Queen Mary University of London (Accepted by Dr Jenny Blythe and Dr Safiya Virji) 3rd Place: University of Bristol (Accepted by Prof Trevor Thompson) BMJ Paper of the Year Award Winner:  Paper titled ‘ Effects of vitamin D and L-cysteine cosupplementation on circulating bioavailable and total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, the free/total testosterone ratio and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy vitamin D-deficient African Americans: a placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial: BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2024;7 ’ Sushil K Jain, Jeffrey Justin Margret, Alonzo Zachary, Marissa M Lally, John A Vanchiere, Maroun J Mhanna, Runhua Shi, Steven N Levine 2nd place:  Paper titled ‘ Prescribing practices in the treatment of wasting: secondary analysis from a randomised trial: BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2024;7 ’ Susan M Rattigan, Kyra H Grantz, Kerstin Hanson, Celine Langendorf, Fatou Berthé, Rebecca Grais, Sheila Isanaka   For more information abou t our awards, events, and upcoming initiatives, visit NNEdPro Global Institute  or join the International Academy of Nutrition Educators (IANE) today. View the full photo album here .

Guidelines & practical strategies in nutrition and preventative practices Author: Holly Giles Speakers: Dr Ebiambu Agwara Panellists: Professor Sumantra Ray, Wanja Nyaga, Sarah Armes Reviewers: Sarah Anderson, Sarah Armes Introduction to cardiovascular disease (CVD) Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is associated with substantial morbidity, loss of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and significant economic burden on healthcare systems. The primary modifiable risk factors for CVD include hypertension, tobacco use, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, unhealthy dietary patterns, and sedentary behaviour. These risk factors often coexist and interact synergistically, accelerating the progression of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular pathologies. Primary prevention strategies, such as early lifestyle modification, regular screening of cardiometabolic markers (e.g., blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose levels), and community-level health promotion, are crucial to reducing the incidence and prevalence of CVD. Other preventative strategies include stress management and patient education, which empower patients with information about CVD risk factors and lifestyle changes. This can support long-term behavioural change. How do diet and lifestyle influence our CVD risk? Diet and lifestyle are fundamental determinants of cardiovascular health and play a key role in both the development and prevention of CVD. Evidence-based dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and plant-based diets have been consistently associated with reduced CVD risk. These diets emphasise the intake of dietary fibre, unsaturated fats (particularly omega-3 fatty acids), whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and plant-based proteins, while limiting saturated fats, trans fats, added sugars, and excessive sodium. Current clinical guidelines for CVD prevention strongly advocate for the adoption of a heart-healthy lifestyle. This includes maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week), abstaining from tobacco use, and moderating alcohol intake. These lifestyle modifications are considered the first-line strategy in primary prevention and are most effective when paired with regular health monitoring, such as assessments of blood pressure, lipid profiles, blood glucose, and body weight. While lifestyle changes are often prioritised before initiating pharmacological therapy, medication may be required for individuals with established risk factors or those who do not achieve target health outcomes through lifestyle modification alone (as illustrated below). What are Diet Quality scores? Diet quality scores are standardised tools used to evaluate overall dietary patterns in relation to established nutritional guidelines and health outcomes, such as CVD risk. These scoring systems quantify how closely an individual’s diet aligns with evidence-based dietary recommendations, thereby offering a practical method for assessing nutritional adequacy and identifying areas for improvement. Clinically, diet quality scores enable healthcare professionals to systematically assess a patient’s dietary habits, tailor dietary advice, and monitor changes over time. This facilitates personalised nutrition counselling and supports long-term behavioural change by providing measurable feedback. Commonly used diet quality indices include the Mediterranean Diet Score, Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and DASH score. For example, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, as measured by its respective score, has been consistently associated with reduced CVD incidence, improved cardiovascular health, and greater longevity. How Is CVD Risk Assessed? Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores are tools used by clinicians to estimate a patient’s likelihood of experiencing a cardiovascular event, typically over a 10-year period. These tools guide clinical decision-making by helping to stratify patients into risk categories (low, moderate, or high), which can inform recommendations for lifestyle modification and/or pharmacological intervention. While different regions use various models, all aim to predict CVD risk based on clinical and demographic factors. Commonly used risk prediction models include the Framingham Risk Score, QRISK3 (UK), ASCVD Pooled Cohort Equations (US), and SCORE2 (Europe). These models incorporate variables such as age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, total and HDL cholesterol, diabetes status, and sometimes additional clinical or socioeconomic variables. The benefits and drawbacks associated with each of these scoring systems are detailed in the image below. Typically, traditional risk scores overemphasise cholesterol and blood pressure, while underestimating the effect of lifestyle and diet on CVD risk. Most of these studies were completed with patients from Europe and America, meaning it is unknown how representative the models are in other contexts, such as in low-income countries. Scoring systems and research need to integrate a wide range of individuals to enable accurate scoring for all populations. We need newer risk assessment tools that can integrate lifestyle variables, tailored to the population to which they are applied. This can be achieved using machine learning and AI to refine risk assessments and include lifestyle factors more precisely. These emerging tools offer new opportunities for personalised medicine for CVD prevention. References World Health Organization (2023) Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds) (Accessed: 8 May 2025). Piepoli, M.F. et al. (2016) ‘2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice’, European Heart Journal, 37(29), pp. 2315–2381. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106 . Estruch, R. et al. (2018) ‘Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts’, New England Journal of Medicine, 378(25), pp. e34. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1800389 . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture (2020) Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020–2025. 9th edn. Available at: https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/ (Accessed: 8 May 2025). Appel, L.J. et al. (1997) ‘A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure’, New England Journal of Medicine, 336(16), pp. 1117–1124. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199704173361601 . Chiuve, S.E. et al. (2012) ‘Alternative dietary indices both strongly predict risk of chronic disease’, The Journal of Nutrition, 142(6), pp. 1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.157222 . Schwingshackl, L. and Hoffmann, G. (2015) ‘Diet quality as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score, and health outcomes’, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 102(4), pp. 959–970. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.114306 . Goff, D.C. et al. (2014) ‘2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk’, Circulation, 129(25_suppl_2), pp. S49–S73. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98 . Hippisley-Cox, J. et al. (2008) ‘Predicting cardiovascular risk in England and Wales: prospective derivation and validation of QRISK2’, BMJ, 336(7659), pp. 1475–1482. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39609.449676.25 . Topol, E.J. (2019) Deep Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence Can Make Healthcare Human Again. New York: Basic Books. Goldstein, B.A., Navar, A.M. and Carter, R.E. (2017) ‘Moving beyond regression techniques in cardiovascular risk prediction: applying machine learning to address analytic challenges’, European Heart Journal, 38(23), pp. 1805–1814. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw302 .

Author: Janice Man   Editors:  Dr Jenneffer Tibaes, Dr Ramya Rajaram, Sarah Anderson, Sarah Armes  Acknowledgements: NNEdPro Global Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health; International Academy of Nutrition Educators (IANE); BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health; Authors of the Article – Chiara Nava, Enrica Lupo, Gianluca Lista. Premature birth is associated with long-term brain development challenges, as the preterm brain is very vulnerable during the early postnatal period. Proper nutrition, especially from breast milk, plays a critical role in promoting brain development and may improve cognitive outcomes later in life. However,  because breast milk alone does not fully meet the nutritional needs of preterm infants, specialised formulas and fortifiers are often used. The effects of these interventions on brain development remain unclear. Ongoing research investigates the effect of specific dietary components, such as prebiotics, fats, and vitamins, on brain development and long-term neurological health.  This study by Nava et al. (2024) examines the impact of prematurity on brain development, focusing on the risks of short-term injuries and long-term neurodevelopmental impairments, particularly in infants born before 28 weeks of gestation. It emphasises the crucial role of nutrition during the "first thousand days" (from conception to age 2), a critical period for brain growth. The study highlights how undernutrition, especially in infants with very low birth weight, can hinder brain development and lead to delays in brain maturation. The goal is to review recent research on how early nutrition influences the development and long-term outcomes of the preterm brain.  Key Findings   Human Milk (HM) : HM is the gold standard for infant nutrition and is linked to better brain development and cognitive outcomes in term infants. These benefits are attributed to both its nutrient content and the mother-child interaction it promotes. HM intake during NICU hospitalisation is associated with better brain development among preterm infants, as shown on MRI scans. However, findings are inconsistent across studies due to methodological issues.  HM Fortification : Since HM alone does not fulfil the nutritional requirements of most preterm infants, cow’s milk-based fortifiers are commonly used and help support growth (weight, length, head size). However, current evidence does not confirm their effect on long-term brain development, highlighting the need for better-designed studies.  Preterm Formula : Nutrient-enriched formulas for preterm infants (with added nutrients like LCPUFAs, choline, and sphingolipids) have been linked to improved brain structure, growth, and cognitive outcomes in early studies. However, more recent trials have shown mixed or no significant effects, likely due to differences in timing, nutrient composition, and study populations.  Key Nutrients (e.g., DHA, HMOs) : Certain nutrients, such as DHA, show promise in improving white matter development and reducing brain injuries when given early, while others, like HMOs, have shown benefits on growth and immune health but lack direct clinical evidence of cognitive benefits. More research is needed to clarify their roles in neurodevelopment.  Nutritional intake – Implications    Recent research suggests that higher caloric and fat intake during the first two weeks of life in preterm infants is associated with reduced brain damage and improved brain development. This early nutritional support is linked to healthier brain structure and better overall development by 18 months of age. For infants who already have brain injuries, a diet rich in energy and protein may help support their growth and recovery. Overall, early nutrition is crucial for both preventing and addressing neurological complications in preterm infants.  Conclusion   As advancements in neonatology have improved the survival rates of premature infants, there is a growing focus on preventing long-term neurological issues, particularly through early nutrition. Breast milk is the ideal source of nutrition, promoting brain development and better cognitive outcomes in childhood. In cases where breast milk is unavailable, specially formulated preterm formulas enriched with essential nutrients may offer benefits. Ongoing research is needed to fully understand how specific nutrients affect the development of preterm infants' brains and their long-term health.  For more details, read the full study here .   References   Nava, C., Lupo, E., & Lista, G. (2025). Preterm nutrition and brain development. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000749